

HAND BOOK 



BUSIlSrESS IN LO^^TELL. 



HISTORY OF THE CITY. 



BY CHARLES COWLEY, ESQ., 

A MEMBER OP THE MIDDLESEX BAB. 
— — — — — < » « • » 





LOWELL: 

|ttMis|eJr ^ (B. g. §xm. 

1856. 




iiiiiijiiii 






THE ILLINOIS CE VrKAirK lir ROAD CO]\IPAM 

18 NOW rREPARED TO SELL ABOUT I 

m MILLIONS of ACRES of FARMING LANDS, IN TRACTS of ^lO ACRES AND UPWi 

On long credits, and at low rates of interest. I 

These landi were granted by tlie Government, to aid in tlie cons'ruction of this Bailroad, ar 
nmuug the richest and most fertile in the e't its. 'J'hey extend with the Road, from Chicago c. 
NorthEast to Cairo at the South, and from thence to Galena and Dunleith in the extreme > 
Western ]>art of the State. Most of these l:inds lie immediately on, and within six miles o' 
Road, and none are more than tifteen miles distant from it ; hence, ready and cheap facilitii 
furnished for transporting the products to any of the Eastern or ■•^oulhern markets. The gre' 
crease of population bv immi:;rution, S:c., and the consequent rapid growth of nourishing town 
villages on the line of the Koad and throughout the State, furnishes a substantial and gr(|i 
home demand for every kind of farm and gardeg produce. 

In the northern and central parts of ihe folate, prairie lands predominate, interspersed with i 
niticent groves of oak and other timber ; in the Southern, the timber is more abundant, and ex 
ly valuable. 

The soil is a dark rich mould, from one to five feet in depth, is gently rolling and peculiarly 
for grazing catile and sheep, or the cultivation of wheat, Indian curii, etc. The air is pure 
bracing, the climate more healthy, mild and eipiable than that of any other part of the U 
while living streams and springs of excellent water abound. I 

Ei-onomyin cultivating and great ))roductiveness are the well known characteristics of 111 
1 mds Trees are not required to be cut down, stumps grubbed, or stone picked off, as is gem 
the case in cultivating new lands in the older ."-"tates. The first crop of Indian corn, planted o 
newly broken sod, usually repa* s the cost of plowing and fi'ncing. 

Wheat sown on the newly turned sod is sure to yield very large profits. A man with a plo^ 
twi« yoke of oxen will break one and a half to two acres per day. Contracts can be made for b: 
ing, ready for corn or wheat, at from Si to S^l per acre By judicious management, the land * 
be plowed and fenced the tirst, and under a high state of cultivation the second "-ear. 

Corn, grain, cattle, etc., will be forwarded at reasonable rates to Chicago, for the eastern, a 
Cairo, for the southern market. 

Bituminous coal is extensively mined along the Road, and supplies a cheap and desirable 1' 
being furnished at many points at §1,50 to $1,00 per ton. Wood can be had at the same rat 
cord. Extensive quarries ha\e been opened in tlie eouihern part of the State, near the line ol 
Road, of building stone of excellent quality, such as white and blue lime-stone, and white am 
sand-stone, which can be had for a little more than the expense of transportation. 

{fc^The government lands, in the Lund States, having ;;cnerally been withdrawn from ma 
emigrants from the eastern states and Europe can lie accommodated by this company witli vah 
farms at the old prices and terms, which, in all probability, will double in value in twelve montl 

When these land are restored to market, persons Avho think of settling on them, or in Xlinne 
should bear in mind that the lands of this company, at the prices for which they are sold, are bi 
investments than ihose in other States or Tenitories more remote from market, at govern 
prices ; for the reason that the expense of transporting the products of the latter to market wi 
ways be a heavy drawback on them, and after a few years' culiivation they require manuring, w 
is not the case with lUinoi.s lands. 

The same remarks hold good in relation to the lands in the territories of Kansas and Nebra 
for although vacant lands may be found nearer the water courses, the distance to market it 
(.■rcatcr, and every hundred miles the products of those lands are carried, either in wagons o 
terrupted water communications, increases the expense of transportation, which must be born 
the settlers, in the reduced price of their products ; and to that extent precisely are the inc( 
from the farms, and of courseon their investments, annually and every year reduced 

The great fertility of the lands now offered for sale by tliis company, and their consequent i 
over those of the enslern and middle States, is much more than sullicient to pay llie ditfereni 
the cost of transportation, especially in view of the facilities furnished by this Road, and ot 
with which it connects, the operations of which are not interrupted by the low water of sun 
or the frost of winter. 

The price will vary from $5 to ;$25, according to location, quality, etc. Contracts 
Deeds may be made until furttier notice, stipulating the purchase money to be paid in 
annual instalments. The first to become due in two years from date of contract, and 
others annually thereafter. The last payment will become due at the end of the sixth ; 
from the date of the contract, and the lauds are not subject to taxation till finally paid 

Interest will be cJuirged at only three per cent, per annum. 

As a security to the performance of the contract, the first two years' interest must be \ 
in advance, and it must be understood that at least one-tenth of the land purchased si 
yearly be brought under cultivation. Twenty per cent, from the credit price will be dedi 
ed for cash. The Company's construction bonds will be received as cash. 

Ready Framed Farm Buildings, which can be set up in a Jew days; can be obtained f, 
responsible persons. 

'I'hey will be 12 feet by 20 feet, divided into one living and three bed-rooms, and will 
complete, set up on groimd chosen anywhere along tne road, $250 in cash, exclusiv 
transportation. Larger buildings may be contracted for at proportionate rates. The d 
pany will forward all the materials for such build ngs over their road promptly. 
[SEE THIRID I>.A.C3-B 03P CO-VBR,.] 




HAND BOOK 



OP 



BUSINESS IN LO^W^ELL, 



WITH A 



HISTORY OF THE CITY. 



BY CHARLES COWLEY, ESQ., 

A MEMBER OF THE MIDDLESEX BAB. 
tm*^t 





LOWELL: 
PUBLISHED BY E. D. GREEN. 

1856. .^' 







lOWELL DAILY COTJRIEB STEAM PRESS. 




,(r0^m 



PREFACE. 

Two OBJECTS have been sought to be compassed by this work. 
The first was, to exhibit, by cards and advertisements, a sort of. 
daguerreotype view of the business of Lowell; — "to hold, as 
'twere, the mirror" up to the trade and industry of this busy 
and thrifty community. The other was, to present a concise and 
general view of the history of this place, — from its occupation 
as the head-quarters of the Pawtucket Indians, two centuries 
ago, to the close of the second decade of its existence as an in- 
corporated city. 

In preparing this historic outline, my chief purpose has been, 
to seize on the salient points, facts, incidents and events of our 
urban history, together with such traditions and episodes as have 
any local interest ; and to weave the whole together in the form 
of a readable and interesting narrative The character of the 
work did not admit of minute details, a display of erudition, or 
a parade of rhetoric. The solemn monotony and stately dignity 
of history, — the painful particularity and prudish precision of 
chronologers and almanac-makers, — have been freely sacrificed for 
the lively flow of story. 

I acknowledge, with pleasure, my obligations to the City 
Clerk, and to various individuals whose names delicacy forbids 
me to mention, for their politeness in favoring me with the use 
) of records and documents, which have aided me much in the 
) composition of this work. 

^j Far from wishing to cultivate in the breasts of my readers a 
y^ sentimental attachment to a place confessedly deficient in intel- 
f<^ lectual attractiveness and the charms of a refined social atmosphere, 
Y ^ — I still cherish the hope, that the perusal of these pages may 



^-^^Ji^p?)- 



■"^'«s 



tend to awaken that due sense of local pride, that patriotic public 
spirit, the absence of which, among us, has so often been the 
subject of criticism, both from strangers and residents, heretofore. 

Conscious that many things have been omitted which deserved 
insertion, — I trust that nothing has been inserted whicli any will 
wish to have liad left out. If this sketch shall serve to inform 
my readers of any facts, of which they are gratified to learn ; — if 
it shall serve to amuse them during an hour of leisure, or to 
charm away the visiting spirit of ennui ; — it will have accom- 
plished all that T have desired or attempted. 

(J. Cowr.EV. 

Lo^^•e^L July Ist, 185G. 




€<?m 




3 



The Merifimae River Valley. 

Few regions on the globe possess more natural loveliness than 
this valley. Few have won such renown as theatres of manufac- 
turing enterprise. Man and Nature, cooperating to a common 
end, have here reared a noble monument of physical beauty and 
mechanic art. Even in an agricultural point of view, — but 
especially when considered in respect to the extent and variety 
of its operations in manufactures, — this valley ranks among the 
most interesting regions on the western continent. 

The Indian name, Merrimac, says Douglas, an early writer, 
signifies "a sturget)n." It was applied to the river in conse- 
quence of the abundance of sturgeon and other fish, taken from 
its waters. The first settlers frequently called it " Sturgeon 
River." 

The head of this river is on the northerly border of Merrimac 
county, in New Hampshire. Here the Winnipissawkee, the outlet 
of the lake of that name, unites with the Pemigewasset, which 
rises in the White Mountains, that "milk the clouds." The 
union of these two streams forms the great river of the valley. 
The tributary waters of the Contoocook, Shahegan, Nashua, Con- 
cord, and a hundred lesser streams, are received by the Merri- 
mac at various points of its course. The general direction of the 
river, during the first eighty miles of its career, is southerly.; but 
after entering Massachusetts, it bends to the northeast. Having 
described a journey of a hundred and ten miles, it discharges into 
the Atlantic, a brief distance below Newburyport. 

Its course is interrupted by numerous water-falls, which furnish 
incipient agents of mechanism, that will endure till manufactures 
perish, or these waters cease to flow. By means of dams and ^ ^J 

.,„__™™,._, .- ,?® 

1* 






canals, these natural resources of water-power have been much 
au'i'mented and improved. The wild Merrimac, which once rol- 
led unchecked to the Atlantic, has been tamed to the purposes 
of man, domesticated to labor, and charmed into bondage to "the 
wizard of mechanism." Populous cities, great bee-hives of indus- 
try, have sprung up all along its banks, like the enchanted palaces 
of the Arabian tales. The whole valley, from lake to sea, teems 
with the sights and sounds of the spindle and the loom. 

At the head of this valley stands Concord, the capital of New 
Hampshire, "the Switzerland of America." Below Concord is 
Hooksetl, just rising into the eminence of her sister-cities. A 
little lower is Manchester, a fine miniature of her English name- 
sake. Where a single saw-mill stood, twenty years ago, now 
stand the Stark Mills, which consume more cotton, and weave 
more cloth, than any similar establishment of which the world 
can boast. Fifteen miles lower is Nashua, and still lower looms 
up the Queen-City of the valley, — Lowell, — the subject of this 
sketch. Ten miles lower on the river, — 

•♦ Which still in varying beauty flows along,"— 

is Lawrence, — fitly named after the great Merchant Prince, the 
Medici of America. Ten years ago, a few sandy farms were all 
that it contained. Now, it displays a double row of factories, 
among which is the largest mill in the world ; and the sites of 
many others yet to be. Below Lawrence are Haverhill, Brad- 
ford, West Newbury, Salisbury, the two Amesburys, with 
Newburyport, the key of them all. 

With a population of two hundred thousand souls, — all engaged 
in the industry of the factory or of the farm, — what an aggregate 
of productive force is here ! In adventurous enterprise, in energy 
of character, in general intelligence, — not to mention civil and 
religious freedom, — the people of this valley are unsurpassed by 
any of the communities of Christendom. But when we consider 
in what struggles they are engaged, and what difficulties beset 
their path to competence, we shall find that the life of these indus- 
trious artizans, whose fabrics are sold in all the marts of the world, 
is anything but paradisical ; — it is not the life of which poets have 



;^^s 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 7 CT^ 



|0) *' 



A. LAWRENCE, M. D., 



9 



Office and Residence No. 11 John Street, 

(ESTABLISHED Oct. 1st, 1839.) 



DR. LAWRENCE INSERTS THE 



BEST PREMIUM TEETH, 

ON 

GOLD PLATE AS PURE AS GOLD COll 



THOSE PREFERRING 

It wi®, m mim mmm\ i?wf is 

CAN SE ACCOMMODATED. 

Teeth Pilled with Chemically Pure Gold. 
Extracting, Cleansing, &c., attended to. 



CHARGES ACCORDING TO CIRCUIV: STANCES. 

Dentists wishing Fancy Work to exhibit at Fairs, supplied at 

short notice. 
I^° To avoid all mistakes in the person or locality, remember ^*^^' 
John Street, No. 11, opposite Samuel Kidder's 
Apothecary Store. 




^^^^^K 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: C^K 

: — —. ^--^i 

sung ; — it is not the fairy-life of Atlantis, Utopia and the Isles ^J 
of the Blest. (^ 

Wlio shall say, that, when some centuries shall have rolled by, \s 
this valley will not fill a place in history, similar to that of the i 
Nile, the Euphrates," tlie Rhine, or the Iliver-God Granges ? ; 
Who shall say, that, some centuries later still, some traveler, — ^ 
moved by the curiosity which led Layard to Ninevah, and Park j 
to Ethiopia, — shall not brood over the ruins of these temples of 
industry, when our mechanical civilization, like the martial civili- 
zation of the ancients, has forever passed away ? 

The admiring genius of Whitticr has attuned hia lyre to the 
praise of our Merrimac : — 



-I have stood 



Where Hudson rolled his lordly flood ; 
Looked down the Appallachian peak 
On Juniata's silver streak ; 
Have seen along his valley gleam 
The Mohawk's softly winding stream ; 
The level light of sunset shine 
Through broad Potomac's hem of pine ; 
And autumn's rainbow-tinted banner 
Hang lightly o'er the Susquehanna; 
Yet wheresoe'er his step might be, 
Thy wandering chiljl looks back to THEE." 



Topography and Natural Scenery. 

The city is situated at the confluence, and on both sides, of 
the Merrimac and Concord rivers. Its bounds, as extended by 
repeated annexations of circumjacent territory, include about six 
squnre miles. The Pawtucket Falls on the Merrimac, and the 
Wamesit Falls on the Concord, are both embraced within its 
precincts. It is twenty-five miles north-west from Boston. 

The natural scenery of the place is marked by the same pic- 
turesipenoss which characterizes the whole valley of the Merrimac. 
It has neither the grandeur of the Alleghanies, which 

" Have pinnacled in clouds their snowy scalps,"— 

nor the limitless expanse of the western prairies, rolling in un- 
«^^j, broken billows towards the regions of sunset. But it presents a r^ "V 




PURE AND UNADULTERATED MEDICINES, 

I have spared no pains in procuring those in which the peculiar characteris- 
tics and active properties are unaltered ; — thus guaranteeing to the buyer or 
consumer, ihe genuineness of every article sold by me. 

I would therefore beg leave respectfully to call the attention of all interested, 
to my stock of 

DRUGS AND MEDICINES, 
assuring them that they have been bought with the greatest care, and are 
offered at the 

Same Prices Charged for Inferior Qualities! 

Having recently enlarged and improved my store, I am now prepared, with 
greatly increased facilities, for my business, and accommodation for my 
patrons, to wait upon those who may call, and trust, by strict attention to 
business, and a courteous and gentlemanly deportment towards all, to merit 
a liberal share of the public patronage. 

Physicians and Dealers from the Country 

are invited to call and examine a large and well selected stock of 

DRUGS, CHEMICALS, DYE STUFFS, &c. 

which will be sold as low as at any establishment in the country. 
I have also on hand 

A General Assortment of Fancy Goods, Perfumery, Toilet Articles, &c., &c., 
For Ladies' and Gentlemen's use. 
Medicines carefully dispensed at all hours of the day or night. 
To lovers of that delightful beverage, Soda, I would say that I sell a su2}e- 
rior article, manufactured by myself, and drawn from an improved fountain 
which is iced to the very mouth of the pipe, thereby preserving a cooliftas 
which cannot fail to be refreshing. 

CHCOICB S-VRXJFS OF EVBXl-Sr VA.E,IET-V. 
by the gallon or barrel. 

EDW'D BUSH, 
Corner of Merrimack and Central Streets, under the Methodist Episcopal 
Church, Lowell, Mass. 





HISTORY OF LOWELL 



beautiful combination of hill and valley, of river and water-fall, 
which neither mountain nor prairie alone can give. Whittier 
pronounces the scenery about the Falls at Pawtucket, as inter- 
esting as any landscape beneath " the sunny skies of Italy." 
The whole arcana of Nature discloses few scenes more lovely than 
the panorama spread out before the beholder from Christian Hill, 
in Dracutt. 

The great extent of this natural amphitheatre, — the well de- 
fined outline of the horizon, — the intersecting rivers, and the 
bridges which span them, — the noble blue mountain of Wauchu- 
sett in the distance, — Fort-Hill, the red man's "last abode," — 
the coalition of art and nature, — the close proximity and agreeable 
contrast between town and country, — the monumental chimneys, 
— the mill belfries — the rows of factories — the steeples and crosses 
of the churches pointing heavenward — the unnumbered gable- 
spires of a populous city — the glorious dissolving view of the 
White Mountains, those "Alps of America," whose crests of 
eternal granite seem lost in the distant upper sky, — the azure 
canopy of heaven, that overhangs this wide spread landscape, 
reflecting every lineament of beauty, — all these constitute a 
scene upon which the beholder that hath "music in his soul," 
may gaze forever without satiety. 




Indian Antiquities. 

When the pilgrims landed at Plymouth, in 1620, all New 
England was inhabited by five great tribes, or confederacies, of 
Indians. The Massachusetts occupied the territory about Massa- 
chusetts Bay ; the Narragansetts, that about Narragansett Bay ; 
th'e Pokonohets peopled the south-easterly part of Massachusetts ; 
the Pequots, the valley of the Connecticut ; and the Pawtuckets, 
the whole valley of the Merrimac, including what now consti- 
tutes the State of New Hampshire. The aggregate population 
of these five nations did not exceed twenty-five thousand souls, ri 





UANU-EOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 




r* J^ T "T ES ^IL KT 

MOBEL MAFUEAGTORY. 

No. 20 Middle St., Lowell, Mass. 

JOSn E. CH^lSrE, I^ROPRIETOR. 








Patterns for machinery, of every description, made at short notice, and in 
the best possible manner. 

Particular attention given to the manufacture of 

GEARS of EVERY SIZE and KIND. 

Executed vyith skill and taste unsurpassed. 

^!^ -^ ^ & ^ W) ^ 
Of Suitable Size for the Patent Office, 

Or for representation, (however complicated or simple,) will be made, to the 
entire satisfaction of parties interested in the same. 

R E F ErIe NO E : 



^X/G)-'^'^'^'^" 





HISTORY OP LOWELL: 




It had formerly been very much greater ; but the ravages of 
pestilence and war had made awful havoc among these tribes. 

Each of these confederacies comprehended numerous lesser \^ 
tribes. Each had a territory, with villages, customs, laws, and 
an independent chief of its own. Each village contained from 
two to three hundred people. The sachems of the smaller tribes 
were tributary to the grand sachem. The Pennacooks, the Aga- 
wams, the Naamkceks, with various other Indian communities, 
acknowledged the sovereignty of the Pawtuckets, who, when the 
whites first came, numbered three or four thousand in all. The 
two names, Pawtucket and Wamesit, are frequently confounded 
together by the earlier writers, when treating of these Indian 
tribes. 

The capital of the Pawtuckets was at the junction of the Mer- 
rimac and Concord, and at Pawtucket Falls, where Lowell now 
stands. Why this place was selected for their chief settlement, 
may be easily perceived. These lands possessed great fertility ; 
the hunting-grounds were good ; find the rivers swarmed with 
the most delicious fish. Sturgeon, salmon, shad, eels, alewives, 
and other varieties of fish, were here taken by the canoe-load. 
Moreover, the location was eminently central. The Concord 
and the upper Merrimac communicated, by canoe navigation, with 
a vast region in the interior ; while the lower Merrimac afforded a 
safe and easy channel ^ the sea-board. The wild and picturesque 
scenery of this place must also have addressed itself strongly to 
the warm imaginations of these lords of the forest. 

It is believed that as many as twelve thousand Indians some- 
times assembled hero in the spring. Such a concourse of that 
peculiar people must have furnished scenes worthy of the poet's 
fervent page, or the painter's luminous canvas. The display of 
so many grotesque braves and beauteous Indian maidens, habited 
in their gala costume, — darting wildly down the rapids in their 
light canoes, — catching their silvery fi.'<h by the thousand, — en- > 
gaged in the animated competition of the chase, — gravely delibc- 
ratincr around their council fires, — bathing in the clear stream 
before sunrise, — climbing the adjacent hill-tops in the mellow light 
of sunset, — presents all the elements for a master-piece of art. fi) '^j 



^iS^- 




Has permanently located at 

No. 248 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Mass., 

Where he may be consulted, free of charge, upon all long standing com- 
plaints, such as Piles, Humors of all kinds, Disfigured and Blotched faces. 
Pin Worms, Dizziness, Rushing of Blood to the Head, Palpitation of the 
Heart, Canker, Cough and Consumptive Complaints, Female Dfficulties, 
originating from an impure state of the Blood, Salt flheum, and all other 
Cutaneous Diseases. 

Dr. Pollard does not profess to cure all diseases, as many have done, but 
having been for more than twenty years, previous to 1841, one of the greatest 
Sufferers in the world from many of the above complaints, and particularly 
with the Piles, he has suffered beyond description, which enables him to 
treat such cases with much success. 

The following Medicines, all of which Dr. Pollard is the original inventor 
and sole proprietor, may be found at the Medical depot of Drs. Pollard & 

RiCKER. 

" bfegef^bie Jiie £ledi|^i*(j. 

" JLlber Sjji-iip. 

" tfegei^ble 5-elif)oMrt)oi5^l S^lbe. 

" ifetiiol'i'hoIS^I Specific. 

6^i]li6i- SljMfpv 

" 6oi|gt) S(ji*i|p. 

Together with a large variety of other Medicines. 

The above Medicines are put up exclusively by Dr. Pollard, who is the 
Original Proprietor. These Medicines have been used in his practice for the 
past fifteen years, with complete success, and may be obtained by the single 
package ; or when Dr. P. is consulted a regular course may be prescribed. 
All orders for Medicine, directed to Drs. POLLARD & RICKER'S MEDI- 
CAL DEPOT, No. 248 Merrimack Street, Lowell, will be promptly answered. 
Medicines sent by Express to any part of the country. When Dr. Pollard is 
absent patients will find Dr. Ricker competent to prescribe f°i' them. 

A. W. POLLARD, Original Vegetable Physician. 



HISTORY or LOWELL 



The golden age of the Pawtucket nation was probably about 
the commencement of the seventeenth century. Belknap informs 
us that a war broke out, early in that century, between the Paw- 
tuckets and the Tarrantines, — a small but brave tribe contiguous 
to them, — in which the Pawtuckets encountered tremendous los- 
ses ; and their grand sachem was slain. The subordinate sachems 
quarrelled among themselves for the succession ; and the horrors 
of internal feuds were superadded to those of the conflict with 
the Tarrantines. 

The Indian historian, Gookin, (who was magistrate and ruler, 
under the Colonial government, over all those Indians who em- 
braced Christianity, and who wrote his Historical Collections of the 
Indians of New England in 1G74) informs us that the Indians were 
almost exterminated by a great plague, in 1612 and 1613. The 
victims fell by thousands ; the living feared to bury the dead ; 
corpses lay on the ground, bleaching in the sun, exposed to car- 
rion birds and wolves. Heaps of dry bones were found, in 
various parts of the country, by the white settlers, many years 
afterwards ; and every former settlement now became a Golgotha. 
What this pestilence was, it is impossible to decide, and useless 
to conjecture. The English Puritans, with characteristic piety, 
treated it as the minister of a " special Providence," to open a 
way for pure and undefiled religion into the trackless wilds of 
America. 



Lowell under an Indian King. 

As the capital of the Pawtucket monarchy, this place was the 
seat of government of the great Indian King, Passaconaway, the 
first great sachem of the Pawtuckets, with whom the white settlers 
formed any acquaintance. Passaconaway was a self-made man. 
He began life an Indian conjuror or pow-wow, and became dis- 
tinguished for his skill in the kindred arts of politics and necro- 
mancy. Pushing his way with his own strong arm, he became 

^/,nn^..<i(^^ ar^^^r^ 



'^^^^ 



^v 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



BUY NONE BUT 

HAYES' ALLIED OIBTIENT 




imti ifiif , 



With the ancient philosopher, Pythagoras, upon the discovery 
of his most distinguished problem, "Let all the people cry Eure- 
ka ! for lo ! we have it" — the 

GREATEST HUMOR MEDICINE IN THE WORLD. 

These medicines must be introduced and sold in every city, town, village, 
parish and hamlet throughout the United States, Europe, and the Isles of 
the Ocean. 

The Proprietors, in calling the attention of the public to these preparations, 
do so with feelings of the utmost confidence of their virtues and adaptation to 
the diseases for which they are recommended. They are no new articles, but 
have long been successfully used in. eradicating every variety of Humor with 
which the human family is afflicted. 

Scrofula, Salt Rheum, Erysipelas, Cancerous Humors, Scald Head, 
Itch, Burns, Mercurial Sores, Fever Sores, Ulcers, Ring Worm, and Hu- 
morous and Eruptive Diseases of every kind can be cured, and the blood 
cleansed of all impurities by the use of 

Hayes' Allied Ointment and Humor Syrup, 

The most effectual remedies ever offered to the public. These celebrated 
remedies cure diseases speedily, thoroughly and permanently, without injury 
to the system, 

OA.UTIOlsr!!! 

Beware of an article in the market styled the "Genuine 
Allied Ointment and Humor Syrup," put up by Chas. H. Kent, 
as that is a base imitation of mine. Buy none but Hayes', 
as that alone will benefit you. 

E. D. HAYES, Discoverer and Manufacturer. 

§MiEi & mv^, mmmtrmt, 

No. 12 Central St., Wholesale and Retail Agent for Lowell, Mass. 

?j3 Sold also in Lowell by all tlie Apotkcarics, and by Medicine Dealers everjwbere. 




successively a priest, a sachem, and finally grand sachem and 
basheba of the Pawtuckets. He divided his time between Paw- 
tucket Falls and Pennacook. 

The first white visitor to Lowell, of whose visit any record re- 
mains, was Rev. John Eliot, of West Roxbury. He was era- 
ployed, under the Colonial authorities, as x\gent and Missionary 
among the Indians. The apostolic beauty of his life and doctrine, 
the goodness of his heart, and the nature of his vucation, won him 
the endearing name of " the Apostle to the Indians." He first 
came here about the year 1646, and remained many days, 
preaching to the natives, who heard him with .willing ears. He 
fi-equently repeated his visit during the following quarter-century, 
and reports that " many received the Gospel." 

When Passaconaway first saw the Apostle Eliot, he expressed 
much fear of that "long-faced man with the black book under 
his arm." But in 1651 Eliot visited him, labored with him, 
and made him a convert to Christianity. He submitted to the 
English jui-isdiction in 1644 ; but frequently appeared at the 
Governor's Court, in great pomp, with his two sons, to repeat the 
ceremony of submission ; and never was false to his professions 
of friendship. The English always regarded him as a brave, sa- 
gacious, whole-souled man; and admired him for his artful 
address, his finesse, and his skill in Indian diplomacy. 

In 1660, Passaconaway, having become very old, followed the 
example of Charles the Fifth, Emperor of Germany, resigned the 
government to his son, ani " retired from the world." A great 
concourse of chiefs, braves, and lesser tribes of the Pawtuckct 
confederacy, was called. A great number of eloquent speeches 
were made ; and many heroic experiences, enough to make the 
fortune of a hundred novelists, were related by the assembled 
orators and sages of the tribe. The "last words and dying 
speech" of poor old Passaconaway drew rivers of tears from the 
people over whom he had ruled so long, so ably, and so well. He 
pronounced his paternal blessing on Wannalancet, his son and 
successor ; and exhorted him and his people, again and again, 
" never to quarrel with the English." 

Wannalancet reigned during many years. But of this whole 



p^^^;9~— 








HISTORY OF LOWELL 




period, the records are few, the traditions unreliable, and the 
history extremely obscure. If the reader is familiar with Livy, 
he will remember how often that great master of history com- 
plains of the want of records of the early history of Rome. Lowell 
rests under a similar cloud. Of unquestioned facts, there are 
none ; and to adopt a poetic license, and fill up the gaps between 
the facts, by the invention of graceful fiction, is not permitted to 
the historian. 



Lowell as an Indian Reservation . 



In 1652, twenty gentlemen of Woburn and Concord procured 
leave, on petition to the General Court, to examine a tract of 
land between the Concord and the Merrimac, including what is 
now Lowell. In the same year, they came, with others, to view 
the premises. They visited the Falls at Pawtucket, and saw 
the wild beauty of the rapids, the cascades, and the silver spray 
that flashed like diamond dust under the October sun. But they 
seemed insensible to these simple beauties of nature. They were 
stern, cold, cast-iron men, — such as charged under Ireton at 
Naseby, conquered victory with Cromwell at Worcester, and 

"Swept the foe at Marston Moor." 

They saw no "good" in the dancing water-fall,— none in those 
grand old forests which had clothed the hills from eternity, — none 
in the red children, whose song of " Hiawatha, the beloved," is 
as immortal as the legends of Ossian, or "the tale of Troy di- 
vine." They came to find fortune, — "to spy out the good of 
the land." Vainly the sun shone over them ; vainly the soft 
wmd blew. They found, they say, " a great howling wilderness, 
where be many Indians, and where be many meadows for ye 
subsistence of cattle." 

In 1653, they again petitioned the General Court, setting 
forth that this seemed to be "a very comfortable place to accom- 





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■^=^^i 



HISTORY OP LOWELL: 



modate a company of God's people upon." They say they are 
in great necessity, destitute of accommodations, with no settled 
place to abide in. They entreat this honorable court, in their 
Christian wisdom, to grant these humble petitioners the lands 
which they have viewed ; so that they may, with God's blessing, 
settle there, and do good for Church and Commonwealth. (See 
Allen's History of Chelmsford.) The lands were granted ; but, 
on petition of the Apostle Eliot, the territory of Lowell, between 
the two rivers, called the " Great Neck," was reserved to the sole 
use of the Indians. Its then most usual name was Wamesit. 

The petitioners aforesaid proceeded at once to their new " plan- 
tation religious." They opened roads, broke up the ground, 
established themselves in log-cabins, erected a meeting-house, and 
a school-house ; and in 1655, they were incorporated as a town 
by the name of Chelmsford, in honor of Chelmsford, (so called 
from the river Chelmer,) in England. But before they came to 
Chelmsford, the Indians converted by the Apostle Eliot, had al- 
ready erected permanent wigwams at Wamesit, and lived hero 
with other Pawtuckets, applying themselves to fishing and th.e til- 
lage of the soil. Both the Chelmsford grant and the Indian 
reservation were enlarged in 1656. In 1660, some lands were 
exchanged, and the boundaries settled, between the Indians and 
the whites. 

The famous Indian Boundary Ditch was opened about the 
year 1665. It begins on the bank of the Merrimac, a little above 
the Falls ; it extends southerly, in a semi-nircular line, so as to 
include about twenty-five hundred acres ; it terminates on the 
bank of the Merrimac, about a mile below the mouth of the Con- 
cord. Traces of it are still visible, corresponding substantially 
with the precincts of the city. 





Indian Institutions. 

On the suggestion of the Apostle Eliot, the Colonial authori- _^(<yi^ 



ties established the following mode of government over such of (^ 






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oo 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: 



the Indians as enribraced Christianity, and collected in little com- 
munities by themselves. A few of the most prudent of the con- 
verted men were nominated by their fellow-villagers, and on the 
nominations being approved by an English magistrate, the nomi- 
nees were invested with the authority of rulers. One or more 
constables were chosen in the same manner in every village. A 
grand court was held here every spring in May. The English 
magistrate fixed the time for holding the court, and these chiefs 
sat with him on the judgment-scat. Gookin himself frequently 
dispensed justice here in his capacity of judge. Differences be- 
tween whites and reds, were adjusted by arbitrators of both races. 
The Apostle Eliot generally came with the judge, to give his 
apostolic aid and counsel. Gookin quaintly observes, that 
while the Indians spread their nets to fish for shad, Eliot " spread 
the net of the Gospel to fish for their souls." There was also a 
marshal-general over all the praying towns. His name was Pen- 
nahannit, ccUas Captain Josias ; and his residence was at Little- 
ton, which the Indians called Nashobah. 

It was the enacted will of the General Court, that the praying 
Indians should have lands granted them ; that they should not 
be removed from their fishing grounds, nor be displaced from any 
lands which they had broken up for tillage. No white could buy 
land of the Indians without leave of the Court. No one was al- 
lowed to sell liquor to the Indians without the pei mission of the 
magistrates, which was only granted in cases of sickness. The 
English magistrate had authority to issue decrees and impose 
penalties for the purpose of promoting industry, morality, edu- 
cation and good order among this people. Every encouragement 
was given to Indian teachers and rulers. 

The Indians made cordage from wild hemp, and of this cord- 
age they made nets for fishing, from thirty to forty feet long. 
They also made lines of it, to which they attached crooked pieces 
of bone for fish hooks. In this way they furnished themselves 
with the necessary implements for angling. Boiled with beans 
and maize and flesh of other kinds, their fish made excellent pot- 
tage, which was one of the most important articles of their diet. 

The wigwam of Wannalancet, son of Passaconaway, the chief 



^; 





HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 23 




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Five Years Policies on Dwellings and Furniture issued 
on favorable terms. 



DIRECTORS. 



JOSHUA CONVERSE, 
THOMAS NESMITH, 
A. C. WHEELOCK, 



JAMES H. RAND, 
THOMAS B. COMINS, 
LORENZO G. HOWE, 



CHAS. B, COBURN, 

LEVI SPRAGUE, 

C. F. BLANCHARD. 



J. CONVERSE, President. 



E. F, SHERMAX, Secretary. 



Of f ICE, Comer of Central and Middle Streeets, Lowell. 



BOOKS, BLANK BOOKS, STATIONERY 

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HISTORY OF LOWELL; 




sachem of the tribe, stood opposite Pawtucket Falls. Wannalar- 
cet, fearing to lose his influence with the tribe, had not yet become 
a praying Indian himself; but faithful to his father's advice, was 
always kind and true to the English. The place where the log- 
court-house stood, is now covered by the Boott Canal. The high 
ground on Appleton street is the hallowed spot, — as tradition 
says, — whore stood the log-chapel in which the Apostle Eliot and 
the Indian teacher dispensed the Word of Life to the Indians. 



Gookin's Account. 



TuE historian Gookin and the Apostle Eliot came to Wamesit 
together in 1674. The sachem, Wannalancet, entertained them 
hospitably in his wigwam near Pawtucket Falls. A meeting was 
then held for worship, in which Gookin assisted ; and Eliot 
preached on the parable of the marriage of the king's son, (Matt. 
22 : 1-14.) Gookin then describes the place as one of the 
seven villages of praying Indians. Fifteen families, containing 
seventy-five souls, had then embraced Christianity. The entire 
population consisted of two hundred and fifty men, besides wo- 
men and children. 

The sachem of the praying Indians was Numpow, a man of 
noble spirit, and of the blood of their chief sachem, Wannalancet. 
Before the visitors left, Wannalancet himself concluded to be- 
come a Christian. He left his " old canoe," as he phrased it, 
and entered into " a new canoe," and engaged to pray to God in 
future. Their preacher was a young Indian named Samuel, a 
son of Numpow, and possessed " of good parts." He could read, 
speak and write both English and Indian ; and was therefore 
considered qualified to preach. Here, then, as in other villages 
of praying Indians, the people assembled in their log-chapel, at 
the sound of the horn and the drum, twice on Sundays, and once 
on fast-days, lecture-days, and other davs of divine worship ; and 
Samuel preached. What a change since these humble sermon- 



(SSC5«^ 



\^ 






HAND-BOOK OFTTS BUSINE 




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H. W. HILTON. J. M. PEABODY. 

Lowell, July 1st, 1856. 





niSTOET Or LOWELL 




k;^ izings of Samuel I More than twenty clergymen now preach in 
his little parish ; — 

" And what was Goose Creek once, is Tiber now." 

Gookin complains that these Indians were never very hearty 
in their piety. There were thirty Indian churches in New Eng- 
land ; but no church was ever organized among them. 

Wannalancct, the successor of Passaconaway, removed to this 
place in 1670, or about that time ; and erected a fort on the hill 
which was thence called Fort Hill. In 1675, the renowned 




NORTUEKN DEPOT. 



King I^hillip, of Mount Hope, chief sachem of the Pokonokcts, 
organized his famous Indian coalition to exterminate the whites. 
But the Indians of Wamesit firmly refused to join him, but re- 
tired with Wannalancet, their chief, for some time, to the wilds 
of the interior, and rendered essential aid to the English. They 
consequently suffered more from the attacks of the savages than 
any other praying village. Gookin observes that they might 
have been a prosperous community, deriving a comfortable sub- 
sistence from the business of supplying Boston with fish ; but 
their idleness and improvidence, and their wars with the circum- 
jacent tribes, induced the gradual decline and ultimate extinc- 
tion of this once powerful and chivalric tribe. 



-^-^^^^^^^^^-^^^'^-^-^^^^^ — "'"'"'^^^^^^^^^iiijh^j't^ 



(?^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 27 CJ^ 






JOSEPH II. HAYES, 




A.3Srr5 X3EA.X.EK, I3Sr 



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No. 12 Cental Sfreet, Lowell, Mass, 





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An Idolatress Judged. 

The Apostle Eliot relates an interesting case of idolatry, vrhich 
be, ^rith more than apostolic vigilance, ferreted out among tbe 
Indians here. In the spring of 1653, he came to this place and 
preached. Among the Indian congregation was a woman who 
had a small bright image of a man suspended from her neck. 
Meeting her after the service, the Apostle asked her why she 
wore it, and was horror-stricken to hear her reply, that she prayed 
to it ! He asked whether she really thought this image to bo a 
God ! She answered that she did ! The astonished Apostle 
marvelled greatly ; and proceeded, as he says, to explain the 
magnitude of the sin of idolatry. He read aloud the second 
commandment, and produced proofs of holy writ that all idols 
should be demolished, and drowned in the Red Sea. 

He then demanded the idol, to destroy it. She refused to 
sun'ender. He then offered to buy it. She declined to make 
the trade. But the Apostle was not a man thus to be baulked. 
He perceived that the image was suspended to her neck by a 
ribbon tied with a riding knot ; and feeling it to be his duty to 
nip this sin in tbe bud, he slipped the knot, and snatched the 
idol away. The woman stormed with rage : he tried to pacify 
her by giving her half a crown : but she, like Rachel, refused to 
be comforted ; and declared that she would follow the Apostle's 
heels wherever he went, as long as he carried her God in his 
pockets. 

It now occurred to the Apostle that perhajjs his zeal had car- 
ried him too far. He therefore called together four Christian 
Indian sachems, and submitted the matter to them. They re- 
tired apart by themselves, talked over it, smoked over it, and 
then reported that they had agreed what should be done. The 
Apostle gives the report of their judgment : — First, That the 
act of taking away tbe idol was well done. Secondly ^ That one 
man should be appointed to demolish the idol, and three others 
for witnesses that it was done. Thirdly, They adjudged the 
idolatress to be a great sinner ; yet as it was her first offence, 






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WM. P. BRAZER, 

CORNER OF MARKET STREET, LOWELL 




HAT, GAP, UMBRELLA, 

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(§mi'B JfimitsliEg €s.tal)lis|metti 




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CHILDREN'S 

OF ALL THE LATEST STYLES. 



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Mr. B. is the Lowell Agent for the sale of 
3 DRAPER'S PLYMOUTH BUCK GLOVES. 



3c 




and she bad done it ignorantly, they uould spare her. The four 
sachems then addressed the woman one after another, each in 
turn reproving her very solemnly. The judgement of this In- 
dian Court was duly and promptly carried into execution. 

At the same time, another image was discovered, which some 
of the Indians had worshipped. This too, these four sachems, 
and the apostolic Iconoclaust, dealt with in the same way. They 
applied the axe manfully to the root of this tree of idolatry, and 
felled it forever to the ground. These images had been distribu- 
ted among the Indians by the Roman Catholic missionaries of 
Canada. No doubt the Apostle improved this occasion to attack 
the Church of Rome with might and main, and to denounce her 
as the Man of Sin, the Mother of Abominations, the Scarlet Wo- 
man of Babylon, the Lady with the Flaming Petticoat, — also ap- 
plying such other kindred epithets, as a man versed in scripture 
could command. 



Annexation to Chelmsford. 

Communities of unequal races, like Chelmsford and Wamesit, 
have always dissimilar destinies to fulfil. It seems to be the 
manifest destiny of the stronger to absorb the weaker. It was 
thus in the present case. The English village grew with a steady 
and healthy growth. The Indian village pined under a daily 
diminishing population. With the instinct of progress and the 
passion for territorial expansion, characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon 
race, — the Chelmsford men bought and annexed piece after 
piece of the Indian reservation. Wamesit grew smaller by de- 
grees, "and beautifully less." But the Chelmsford men rather 
rejoiced at its decline. Disdaining the Indians as inferior beings, 
they generally alluded to them as " tawnies," " savage heathen," 
, " devil's imps." In their selfish blindness, they failed to recog- 
'^ nize, under the red skin of the Indian, a member of the Great 
■7^ Brotherhood of Man, a representative of the Divine Paternity. 



^ 



it: ' 



W^^ < 




^ 

s 



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HAND-BQOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 31 

UMSURPASSED IN ANY RESPECT IN MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 




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€/ \y 






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No. 21 CENTRAL STREET, LOWELL. 



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Stories, Poetry, Sketches, Anecdotes, Miscellany, General and local News. 

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[CFAdvertiseraents inserted conspicuously on moderate terras. 



tm 





In 168G, Jonathan Tjng and Thomas Hinchman made the 
famous " Wamcsit Purchase," which embraced all the Indian 
lands west of Concord river. The Indians, however, reserved 
the right of hunting and fishing on these lands ; retained their 
title to other lands east of the Concord ; and continued for some 
years to occupy Fort Hill, which they enclosed with a trench. 
But their title to this, also, was extinguished in 1726, when the 
last of their " paternal acres" passed to the whites. The Indian 
capital was removed to Pennacook in New Hampshire ; but some 
families of Indians continued for some years to make this their 
most usual place of abode. 

It is unnecessary here to discuss the question, whether the 
whites were morally justified in thus taking possession of the red 
man's home. Irving has settled that question to the entire sat- 
isfaction of the whites, by a very conclusive argument, in his 
satirical History of New York. But a man of sentiment may 
yet sympathize with the poor Indian, who, distracted with emo- 
tions too sad, " too deep for tears," turned his back upon the 
graves of his ancestors; took a last, melancholy look on the 
river, on whose waters the Great Spirit moved ; and feeling that 
he was now a stranger in a stranger's land, departed forever, 
and bade " Farewell to Bonny Bosby." 

Subsequent to the " Wamesit Purchase" in 1G86, the lands 
of the Indian reservation were sold in small parcels to a variety 
of purchasers. It never occured to them, that on settling on the 
Indian reservation they ceased to be citizens of Chelmsford. 
One of them, Samuel Pierce, — an ancestral relative of President 
Pierce, — was, in 1725, elected to represent Chelmsford in the 
General Court, but was refused a seat in that body, on the 
ground that he was not a legal resident in the town for which he j 
was elected. All the squatters on the Indian reservation at I 
once refused to pay taxes to Chelmsford ; and much confusion ) 
ensued. To remedy this mischief, in 1726, an act was passed ) 
annexing Wamesit to Chelmsford. From 1726, therefore, to (^ 
1826, the history of Lowell is identified with that of Chelmsford. 





SAM. LAWRENCE, 

RCEON DENTIST, 

Office Ho. 24 Central Street, Opp. Post Office, 
LO^VELL, MASS. 



Dr. L. tenders his grateful acknowledgements for the confidence and 
farors bestowed upon him during twelve years practice in this city, and trusts 
he may merit its continuance. Teeth will be inserted on fine Gold, and fill- 
ing done in a thorough manner. Also, Extracting and all other operations 
done with care, at reasonable prices, and WARRANTED. 

Persons liavingbad work done by other Dentists, can liave it reset at this 
office, in a finished manner, as all work is executed by himself. 

Fancy work for Exhibitions, and other work of a difficult nature, made for 
dentists at reasonable rates. 

Dr. L. was awarded the first premium at the fair of 1851, for the 

BEST TEETH, PLATE WORK AND FILLING. 

N. B. — To avoid all mistakes in the person and locality, you should remem- 
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NO. 34 CENTRAL SRTEET, 

Opposite ike Post Office. 



ILDER & DANA, 

(Successors to David Dana ) 

JACKSON STREET, LOWELL, MASS., 

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IN ALL ITS BRANCHES, DONE TO ORDER, BY EXPERIENCED WORKMEN. 



'3 





HISTORY OF LOWELL: Cj^- 



The Last Indian. 

About seventy-five years ago, there lived near Pawtucket Falls 
an Indian named Sinionds. He was very old, notching ninety 
or a hundred on " the tally-stick of time." lie was the connect- 
ing link between the Indians to whom the Apostle Eliot preached 
and the early founders of Lowell. He belonged to the genera- 
tion immediately succeeding the Puritans. His wigwam stood 
on the north side of Pawtucket street, a little west of Fletcher 
street. lie lived entirely alone, supporting himself by covering 
chair-bottoms for his white neighbors. He afterwards removed 
to Lonnj-sought-for Pond in Westford, but made a brief visit to 
the Falls every spring for the purpose of fishing. All the tradi- 
tions agree that he was a well-behaved man. He was " never 
known to get drunk." The precise time of his decease is un- 
known ; so meagre are the traditions of these Indians. But as 
he obeyed the ten precepts of Moses, and cultivated the seven 
graces of saintship, — as he received all the counsel of God, and 
performed the whole duty of man, — let us hope that this last rep- 
resentative of the Pawtuckets of LoweU, has since been "admit- 
ted to that ecpal sky," where distinctions of race are unknown. 



Revolutionary Associations. 

TuROuan this connection with Chelmsford, Lowell is associated 
with some of the most glorious memories of the Heroic Age of 
America. On the eve of the Revolution in 1773, the Chelms- 
ford men assembled in town meetino- and discussed their rights 
as British subjects. They then addressed a letter of instructions 
to Simeon Spaulding, their representative in the General Court 
of the Colony, counselling " the coolest reflection," and caution- 
ing him against " any rash and passionate measures." 

In 1774, these remarkably cool politicians published a declara- 




•g^^g 




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cations pr'^P^' , others ) will be remitted by him m case of a failure 

L^'oSL a^pSt, a?d\he "ft^^^ through hiL within thirty days after 

^^'ThSTincy is not only the largest in New England, but through it in- 
ventorshave advantages for securing patents, or ascertaining the patentability 
onnventLns, unsurpassed by, if not immeasurably superior to any wnich 
\i ho offered elsewhere. The testimonials below given prove that none is 
XeF fuCcSsFUL AT THE PATENT OFFICE than the subscriber; 
^^fllirCEsS IS THE BEST PROOF OF ADVANTAGES AND 
ABILITY he would add that he has abundant reason to believe, andean 
prove that at no other office of the kind are the charges for protessional ser- 
ves so moderate. The immense practice of the subscriber during twenty 
years past, has enabled him to accumulate a vast collection of specifications 
years pasi, ' relntive to natents. These, besides his extensive libra- 

ry tftSanrme^LSl worYstand full accounts of patents granted in the 
UnUed States and Europe, render him able, beyond question, to offer supe- 
rior facilities for obtaining patents. , „ -„ j -r, 

Caveas Specifications, Assignments, and all Papers and Drawings neces- 
sary to the procural of patents in this and foreign countries prepared, and 
ach ice rendered on legal and scientific matters, respectmg inventions, or m- 
fr n-ement of patents! All necessity of a journey to Washington to procure 
a palent, and the usual great delay there, are here saved inyentors._ 

Wes of the claims of any patent furnished for one dollar. A ssignments 
il^ nt Wasbino-ton Patents secured m Great Britain, France, and 

TESTiiva:oKri-A.i-.s- 

«Durin- the time I occupied the office of Commissioner of Patents R. H. 
TTrlrlv Esq of Boston, did business at the Patent Office, as solicitor for pro- 

^' p Jp'nts There were fe^v, if any, persons acting m that capacity who 
n'somiich business before the Patent Office; and there were none who 
^^^nntPfl it with more skill, fidelity and success. I regard Mr. Eddy as^cne 
o??he TesUnf ormed^and most skilful Patent Solicitors in the United States, and 
We no hesitation in assuring inventors that they cannot employ a person 
more wmpetent and trustworthy, and more capable of putting their apphca- 
more coiii^ ^ ^ ^j^ ^ ^n early and favorable consideration at 

T'vl^Amle EDMUND BURKE, Late Commissioner of I'atents. 
Jii03VC THE FREBBOSrT C03VnivIISSI03SrER,. 

(i4„nvit 17 1855.— During the time I have held the office of Commission- 
er nf Patents 'r.H. Eddy, Esq., of Boston, has been extensively engaged 
tl ^he^ransactioi; of business with the office as a Solicitor He is thoroughly 
^nted with the law, and the rules of practice of the office. I regard him 
^''^..t nf f!,p most capable and successful practitioners with whom I have had 
offidalttetouS CHAS. MASON, Commissioner of Patents. 




-ar^:^ 



< 



HISTORY OF LOWELL; 



©^' 



tion of principles, which was posted on the town pump and other 
conspicuous places. It is set forth as the opinion of the town, 
" that the present is as dark and distressing a day as this coun- 
try ever experienced ;" and " that the notion of the right of Par- 
liament to tax the people without their consent, for the purpose 
of raising revenue, is unconstitutional." These rural statesmen 
had very, correct ideas of politics. " We have no conception," 
say they, " of taxation without representation." 

In spite of all our schools, colleges, books, newspapers, and 
other instruments of popular education, there are few men in the 
country, comparatively, who possess the knowledge of history 
and statesmanship, exhibited in the following reflections : ' ' France 
was once free ; but in consequence of submitting to taxation with- 
out representation, their estates and lives are at the absolute dis- 
posal of the king. The Cortes of Spain had once the same rights 
as our Parliament ; but having allowed the king, on a particular 
occasion, to raise money without their interposition, iJiey lost their 
authority, and the people their freedom." 
( The indignity, offered by Mr. Wedderburn to Dr. Franklin, 

in the House of Commons, was denounced by the people of 
Chelmsford, in this declaration, made in 1774, two years prior to 
the Declaration of Independence, in language as elegant and as 
dignified as any recently employed in any of our metropolitan 
cities, to denounce the assault of Mr. Brooks on Senator Sumner. 
To relieve the sufferings occasioned by the passage of the Boston 
Port Bill, a drove of sheep was collected in Chelmsford, and 
sent to Boston gratuitously. A company of Chelmsford Militia, 
under Capt. John Ford, were engaged in the battle of Bunker's 
Hill. 

After the war had ended, when the Constitution of the State 
came before them for their approval, the people of Chelmsford 
approved and adopted the whole, article by article, except the 
third article. To this an amendment was moved and adopted ; 
ninety-two yeas, to eight nays. Instead of having the Governor 
.^^. profess the Christian religion, they proposed that he should pro- 
[ ^. fess the Protestant religion. They deemed the word Christian 
l[i3 exceptionable, because, as their historian says, it left " a door 

^^^^^^^c^^£;g)— — — — ^^'^'^^^^^^^^^ 



,>w^- 




•^^^^^ 



UANU-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



LOWELL ISLAND HOUSE. 



TH" HOTEL GIT LOWELL ISLAND, SALEM HAEBOE, 

IS NOW OPEN FOR THE SUMMER, 

UNDER THE MANAGEMENT OF G. W. LARKABEF. 



/ 







FAMILIES, PARTIES, AND INDIVIDUALS WISHING SEA-SHORE AMUSEMENTS 
AND OCEAPJ AIR, WILL FIND IT A QUIET PLACE OF RESORT FOR OCCA- 
SIONAL VISITS AND FOR PERMANENT SUMMER BOARD, 



The dining-room of the house will seat 30O persons, and the sleeping 
rooms are numerous and airy. 'Ihere are several large parlors for dancing, 
music and social gatherings. Hot and cold baths may be had, and there is 
safe open sea-bathing on the beach, and good bowling alleys are open for ex- 
ercise. I liere is fine fishing from the rocks on the shore — and near the Is- 
land are safe fishing grounds for cod, haddock, and hake, and fine sail boats 
in attendmce. well equipped for sailing and fishing. 

On the balem and Lowell Railroad, a great reduction of fare from Lowell 
and back is made ; and as the morning trains on the Stony Brook and Nashua 
and Upper Railroads connect at Lowell, passengers from all the towns above 
Lowell can avail themselves of this reduction ; and those who arrive at Wil- 
mington Junction by tbe Boston and Maine Railroad, or at any depot on the 
Salem and 1,0 well Railroad, may avail themselves of a proportionate reduc- 
tion on the la-.tcr road. On the railroads between Salem and Boston there 
are £3 trains of cars daily. 

The House was established by an association of gentlemen, without any 
view to speculation or profit, and to furnish a healthy, comfortable, and well- 
ordered i>lace of resort in the hot season ; and the prices, varying according 
to the rooms selected, will be as low, by the day or week, as they can be af- 
forded and allow the concern to support itself. 

The Steamer Akgo will leave Phillips' Wharf, Salem, for the Island daily, 
at 6 1-4, 9, 101-2, A. M., and 12 1-2. 2 1-4, 5 3-4, P.M.; and returning, 
leaves the Island at 7, 9 3-4, 11 1-4, A. M., and 1 3-4, 5, 6 1-2, P. M. 
Fare liy Steamer 15 Cents £acli Way. 

Salem, Mass., July 1, 1856. 





^^%^^^™ — 



38 



niSTORY OF LOWELL 




open for the admittance of a Papist into the chair of state." The '^j\ 
same fear of Popery, which disturbs the dreams of so many Crp- 
ancient dames in our times, brooded like a spirit of darkness 
around the kitchen fires of Chelmsford 

" In the brave days of old." 

During Shay's Rebellion, in 1786, Chelmsford espoused the 
cause of law and order. A detachment of her Militia served 
under General Lincoln in the western counties ; and " on the 
memorable thirtieth of January," as the historian of Chelmsford 
writes, " performed a march of thirty miles, without refreshment, 
through deep snows, in a stormy and severely cold night ; a 
march that would have done honor to the veteran soldiers of 
Hannibal or Napoleon." 



East Chelmsford. 

During a full century, subsequent to the final retirement of 
the Indians, and the annexation of Wamesit to Chelmsford in 
1726, — this place became a mere border-hamlet of that town. Its 
glory as an Indian capital had departed. Its glory as a city of 
the arts had not dawned. Portions of the Indian Ditch were filled 
up ; . only a few farm-houses, respectably occupied, remained ; 
and the place assumed the name of " Chelmsford Neck" or " East 
Chelmsford." 

Pish still swarmed in the rivers. A thousand shad were some- 
times taken at a single haul. Allen, who wrote his History of 
Chelmsford in 1820, says that, in his time, the product of stur- 
geon, salmon, shad and alewives, was twenty-five hundred barrels 
a year, besides a large quantity of other fish. The numerous 
dams thrown across the river within a few years, have rendered 
its waters almost barren of fish. But measures are now being 
taken with the view to replenish these streams with the fish of the 
olden time. 
I In most respects, the history of Chelmsford corresponds with 



% 



HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS 



DR, WILLIAMS' VEGETABLE 



PEEPAUBD ONLY BY 




DR. H. KELSEY, LOWELL, MASS. 

This article will be found a sure cure for the following complaints — 

Dyspepsia or IiidigestioH, Jaundice, Sour Stomacb, Costive- 

ness, Headache, Bilious Complaints, Worms iu Children, 

Loss of Appstlte, Palpitation of the Heart, Heartburn, 

EruptioHs on the ^km, Diarrhoea, Drowsiness after 

Eating. Faintness, Sickness at the Stomach in the 

Morning, Wandering Pains in the Side, Back and Limbs, 
liver Complaints and General Dehility. 

This article has been tested by hundreds of thousands within the last nine 
years, and found to be all that it is recommended. These Bitters are prepared 
entirely of vegetables, and are free from aloes, and safe for man, woman or 
child to take. Those who are afflicted with any of these complaints, are re- 
quested to give it a trial before they condemn it. Many persons hesitate to 
use a medicine that has been advertised; but perhaps if you would give this 
a fair trial you would find relief from it, as hosts of others have done. I can- 
not say by my medicine as is advertised by some, that six bottles will cleanse 
and purify the blood, for I do not believe in the blood being made pure in so 
short a time ; but I do say that one good dose of it will stop the sick head- 
ache, and in fact, one bottle will cure it. I pretend to say that no family will 
be without it after trying it, or having properly tested its merits. Reader, if 
you have tried other medicines without good success, despair not, but try 
this. You may find relief from this yet. If you are suffering from Scrofula, 
you may be cured of it by this medicine ; but remember that it takes more 
than six bottles, or six months, to purify the blood of any person and cure 
them of a humor. I have certificates from good, reliable persons, where the 
blood has been made pure by this medicine. I will give one : — 

Dr. Kelsey — Sir : — I feel it a duty I owe to you, and the public generally, 
to give you the following information : I have been troubled with the Scrofula 
and Salt Rheum humors for quite a number of years, and had it so bad on 
my head that my hair was all coming oiT, and most of the time my face and 
neck was a perfect scab ; but luckily for me, I was induced to give Dr. Wil- 
liams' Bitters a trial. I took the Bitters and they drove the humors out very 
much, I then commenced using Dr. Kelset's i?ain Extractor on the out- 
side, to kill the humor as fast as it came out, and still kept taking the Bit- 
ters to drive it out ; and I can say with truth that in one year's time from the 
first of my using this medicine I was entirely cured, and my health was good, 
better than it had been for at least ten years before. 

Yours. &c.. Miss MARY J. LEAVITT. 

[HT'The above certificate was also signed by De. J. A. Tibbetts, Dr. J. A. 
Perry, Dr. G. Tucker and Dr. Gale. 

I have others that I could give as good as this, but I deem it unnecessary. 

k DR. KELSEY'S VEGETABLE PAIN EXTRACTOR. 

Jr. This is good for Man or l?east, and is one of the best things to relieve pain 

Q^ in any form — it may be used internally or externally, with perfect safety ; full 

r) directions on each bottle. I will guarantee that any family after trying one 

^ . bottle, will not be without it — it can be relied upon as being all it is recom- 

A med to be, and the great and increasing demand for it from year to year is suf- 

_y ficient proof of its efficacy. 





g^\ 




40 



HISTORY OF LOWELL 



that of any other back to;*"!!. It has little of incident, and but 
little to be noted in so general a sketch as the present. The peo- 
ple of Chelmsford made grants of land, and offered evcrj'- induce- 
ment to mechanics and tradesmen, to establish themselves in their 
town 

A brido'e was constructed across the Concord River near its 
mouth, in 1774. The only mode of passing this river previously, 
had been by fording it. Another bridge across the same river, 
near the present Cemetery, was constructed soon afterwards. A 
lady, recently deceased, well remembered having forded Concord 
river to attend merry-makings in Tewksbury, eighty years ago. 
The only mode of crossing the Merrimac as yet, was by boat or 
by fording it. Chelmsford was distinguished among other towns 
for its saw-mills, grist-mills, mechanics' shops, and small manu- 
facturino; establishments. Chelmsford Granite has lonn; been in 
high repute all over the Union. In 1818, twenty-five thousand 
dollars worth of it was transported to Boston and other places by 
the Middlesex Canal. About that time, an elegant church was 
built of it in Savannah, Georgia. 

Many will hear with surprise that Slavery ever existed in Low- 
ell. But such is the fact. While our territory was connected 
with Chelmsford, in the course of the last century, negroes were 
kept on what afterwards became the Moor Farm ; and they were 
also kept on what is now called the Livermore Place in Belvi- 
dere, — then a part of Tewksbury. It is npt improbable that 
they were kept at the same time on other farms in this vicinity. 



& 



Pawtucket and Middlesex Canals. 

Towards the close of the last century, Lowell became the 
theatre of an active business in wood and lumber. The forests 
along the shores of the Merrimac, which had never before rung 
with the sound of the woodman's axe, afforded an exhaustless sup- 
ply of materials for rafts, which already commanded a good price 
in Newburyport and other towns on the sea-board. But the do- 



s 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 41 CJ^ 

READY-MADE GLOTHIM " 




— AND — 



No. 150 MEREIMACK STREET, 

WENTWORTH'S BUILDING. 



d 



DANIEL FARRINGTON, 

Would invite the attention of purchasers to his lakge stock of 

FASHIOIABLE READY-MADE CLOTHING 

GENT'S FUKNISHiNG GOODS, 

■gill' siif srai, mn, ghn, %mmi, 

TJ 3\X jB ZIL JE2 Xj 3La .^^ S , 

AND ALL ARTICLES USUALLY KEPT IN A FIRST CLASS CLOTHING STORE. 



REIN^iEEIvIBEE. THE ISTTJI^aiBEI?., 

AND GIVE THIS ESTABLISHMENT A TRIAL. 

DANIEL FARRINGTON, 
150 MERRIMACK STREET, VFENTWORTB'S BUILDING, 

^V First Door East of Boston & Lowell Railroad Depot, 






M^iiLiL. mm^< 



4ti 




^. 



£5)- 



42 



HISTORY OF LOWELL; 



scent of the river at Pawtucket Falls was so precipitous, — the 
current so violent, and the channel so rocky, — that great difficul- 
ty was experienced in passing rafts down the rapids. A canal 
round the falls for the transportation of rafts, was first suggested 
for the convenience of the lumbermen, thirty years before any 
one dreamed of using the waters for the purposes of manufactures. 

Dudley A. Tyng, William Coombs, and others, were incorpor- 
ated as " The Proprietors of the Locks and Canals on Merrimac 
River," in 1792. By virtue of powers given in their charter, 
they at once proceeded to open a canal, one and a half miles long, 
connecting Merrimac Kiver above the falls with the Concord be- 
low. The level of the water in the lower end of the canal, which 
is only a brief distance above the mouth of the Concord, is thirty- 
two feet lower than the level of the water at the upper end. The 
descent is accomplished by means of four sots of locks. The 
general direction of the canal is from east to west. It occupied 
less than five years in its construction, and cost fifty thousand 
dollars. 

When the first boat passed down the canal in 1797, with tho 
directors and other gentlemen on board, and hundreds of men, 
women and children as spectators on the banks, an incident oc- 
curred, of which Allen gives a very lively and graphic account. 
The sides of the boat gave way ; the water burst upon the people, 
and many were carried down the stream . ' ' Infants were separated 
from their mothers," — says Allen, — " children from their parents, 
wives from their husbands, young ladies from their gallants ; and 
men, women, timber, and broken boards and planks, were seen 
promiscuously floating in the water." Nantes — rari apparent in 
gurgite vasto. But no life was lost, and no serious injury incurred. 

The stock of the Locks and Canals Company was divided into 
five hundred shares, owned by individuals in all parts of Middle- 
sex and Essex Counties. But the dividends declared were never 
considerable; and the stock soon fell far below par inconsequence 
of the successful competition of the Middlesex Canal with its 
business. In the same year that the Locks and Canals Company 
were incorporated, the first bridge across the Merrimac was 
constructed at Pawtucket Falls. It was entirely of wood. 





'^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 43 

I (jAELiTON & eom, 

' APOTHECARIES, 

City Hall, Lo-well, 

Are always supplied with 

MEBIGISES OE EVERY KWB, 

and of the purest quality. Also, 

SURGICAL AND DENTAL INSTROMENTS, 

Ifioeiil leeil), 6ioi5 ^Iqie ^^^ Toll, 

and all articles appertaining to Dentistry. Also, a great variety of 

ARTISTS' MATERIALS, 

including Oil and Water Colors, Brushes, &c. 
We are proprietors of CARLETON & HOVEY'S 



which will, upon application, immediately destroy the most offensive odors, 
and arrest putrefaction and decay. It is especially recommended for the 
SICK ROOM ; by its free use the comfort, both of patient and nurse, may be 
essentially promoted. 

CORPSES may be preserved for months without decomposition or discol- 
oration. 

Housekeepers will find it invaluable to sweeten their cellars, musty closets, 
vessels, &c. Also for preventing and driving away Cockroaches, Ants and 
other insects. It must be largely diluted to obtain its best efiect. 

d^ It is highly recommended by certificates from Dr. Johx C. Daltox, Dr. 
rr John O. Green, Da. Elisha Huntington. Also by Dr. Samuel L. 
^ Dana, Chemist ^ 5; 

C^ DEALERS SUPPLIED ON USUAL TERMS, 






HISTORY OF LOWELL: ([[TT^ 

, . . _. y; 

The proprietors of the Middlesex Canal were incorporated in ^^ 
1793. 3Ir. Weston, an eminent English engineer, was employed 
to survey the channel of the canal ; and Loammi Baldwin of Wo- 
burn superintended its construction, and was the animating soul 
of that stupendous work. This canal began on the Merrimac, 
about a mile above Pawtucket Falls, extended south by cast a 
distance of twenty-seven miles, and terminated in Charlestown. 
It was completed in 1804, and cost over six hundred thousand 
dollars. In digging this canal, pine cones and charcoal were 
found, twelve feet below the surface ; specimens of which are 
still exhibited in the Museum at Cambridge. 

As the competition of the Middlesex Canal ruinously reduced 
the value of the property in the Pawtucket Canal, — so, in the re- 
tributive justice of years, other competition extinguished the value 
of the stock in the Middlesex Canal. It has long ceased to be 
navigated. Portions of it have been filled up. Most of the sale- 
able property of the company has been disposed of; and an ap- 
plication for a dissolution of their corporate existence, has for 
several years been pending in the Supreme Judicial Court. But 
as the law-suits, like the sins, of the fathers, are usually visited 
upon the children unto the third and fourth generations, — the 
end of this affair may not be expected until the present historian 
and his cotemporary readers shall have gone " the way of all 
flesh," and tulips and geraniums are in full blossom over their 
graves. 



Events between 1800 and 1820. 

Wixn the opening of the current century dawned a new era in 
the history of the United States, — the era of Manufactures. Close 
upon the age of Eevolution followed the age of Mechanism. To 
those sires who gave to this country her independent political ex- 
istence, were born sons who created a new and mighty arm of 
national wealth. In this, as in other places, the first attempts in 
manufactures were faint and feeble. Mr. Moses Hale started the 



——'-^-'^■^-'^'-'-'^■^vi^^jjj^r^ 




HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



DAILY CITIZEN AND NEWS 



44 Central Street, Lowell. 




This is not surpassed by any office in New England, for its means of execut- 
ing all kinds of 

JOB AJfB EA¥GY PM¥TI¥&. 

For plain or colored posters it has the 

LARGEST SIZED HAND-PRESS IN AMERICA ! 



It is furnished with all kinds of type, cuts, borders, &c., and its supply is 
continually increased from the newest fonts that appear; its proprietors are 
both practical printers and do their own work, so that their jobs are always in 
the best style. 

All kinds of printing done at short notice and fair prices, in 

Gold, Silver, Bronze, Flock, Red, Green, Blue, Black or any Desired Color ; 

For instance, 

SERWIONS, ADDRESSES, CATALOGUES, TOWN REPORTS. SHOP-BILLS, BLANKS, 

TICKETS. P,^OGRAMr;iES, .POSTERS AND HANDBILLS, LABELS, 

VISITING AND WEDDING CARDS, aC, &C. 



S 



THE DAILY CITIZEST 8r WEWS 

Is published at $4 ayear, and has the largest subscription list of any daily 
paper in Middlesex County. It is "American Kepublican" in politics. 

THE WEEKLY AMERICAN CITIZEN, 

Is issued at .^'3 a year, and is of the largest size, having more reading mat- 
ter THAN ANT OTHER PAPER IN NeW EnGI.AXD. 

(O^Postage free in Middlesex County, for the weekly. 

JOHN A. GOODWIN, Political and General Editor. 
ENOCH EMEKY, City Editor and Reporter. 

BEOWi\ & MOKEY, Proprietors, 

No. 44 Central Street, nearly ojyposite the Post Ojfice. 
LEONARD BROWN. GEO. F. MOREY. 






UI STORY 



LOWELL: 



first carding machine in his mill on River Meadow Brook, in 
1801. But the growth of the place, for some years, was owing 
chiefly to other than manufacturing operations. 

Some internal improvements were made. The bridge, built 
across Merrimac River at Pawtueket Falls in 1792, was demol- 
ished in 1805, and a new bridge, with stone piers and abutments, 
constructed in its place. The cost of this new bridge exceeded 
fourteen thousand dollars. This bridge is still standing, though 
essential improvements have been made in it from time to time. 

In 1812, the people of the United States and Great Britain 
engaged a second time in the agreeable diversion of cutting each 
other's throats. Our commerce was well nigh ruined by becom- 
ing the prey of British cruisers ; and the embargo imposed by 
President Jefferson, annihilated what little of it remained. Until 
then, most of our manufactured goods were imported from Eng- 
land. Domestic manufactures there were comparatively none, 
except such rustic fabrics as were spun upon the spinning-wheel, 
and woven upon the hand-loom, by the dames of the rural dis- 
tricts. No sooner was importation stopped by the war, than im- 
ported fabrics commanded "famine prices." Public attention 
was irresistibly attracted, and a powerful impetus given, to Ameri- 
can manufactures. Large investments of capital were made ; 
and mills started up all over the Union, but more especially in 
Massachusetts. Such of them as were started here, were 
driven by Concord River power. No man was yet bold enough 
to think of converting the lordly Merrimac into a propeller of 
machinery; and the millenium of cotton-mills had not yet come. 

In 1813, Captain Phineas Whiting and ColonelJosiah Fletcher 
erected a wooden cotton-mill on the present site of the Middlesex 
Company's mills, at an outlay of about three thousand dollars, 
and carried on the business with some success. The year 1815 
will long be remembered by the occurrence of the most disastrous 
gale that had swept New England since the famous gale of 1635, 
when the tide rose twenty feet perpendicularly in Narragansett 
Bay. The gale was particularly severe in the town of Chelms- 
ford, then including Lowell. It " spread the ruin round," like 
a devastating fire. No less than fifty thousand cords of standing 



DR. CUTTER'S 

CHEST EMDIWG SDSPENDER 



mM 



For Ladies and Gentlemen, 

A NEW AND SUPERIOR ARTICLE. 



o ^ 

Wen 




02 



C-3 S_ 



- s 



fed 



DR. S. CUTTER, 

Office, 2S1 Central Street, I<o^veIl, Mass. 



OEO. W. W^^LKER 

Is Agent for the followinq Fire Insurance Companies : 

People's, of Worcester, with Capital of $450,000 ; 

Holyoke Stock and Mutual, of Salem, Capital $400,000, 

Both paying large dividends. Also the 

International Life Ins. Co., of London, Capital $500,000, 
Working Men's Loan and Fund Association, of Salem, 

Paying large interest. For particulars call on the Agent, 

GEO. W. WALKER, 

48 Central Street. 






HISTOKT OF LOWELL: 






timber, besides several houses, were destroyed, — the trees beinq 
torn up by the roots, and the houses removed from their founda- 
tions. 

Tiic saw-mill and grist-mill of the Messrs. Bowers, at Pawtucket 
Falls, were^ started in 1816. About the same time, another saw- 
mill was started at Wamesit Falls, in Eelvidere, and a grist-mill 
on the other fide of the Falls, by Mr. N. Tyler, and still another 
saw-njill on Eivcr Meadow ]Jrook, by Mr. M. Ilale. Mr. Ford's 
saw-mill, which then stood directly at the junction of the Concord 
and Jlerrimac rivers, has become famous as the scene where he 
killed an Indian. There had been a quarrel between the parties ; 
and the Indian had " an oath in heaven" to kill Mr. Ford. One 
nis:ht when Mr. Ford was at work in this saw-mill, be observed 
the Indian skulking about secretly in the mill. He watched his 
opportunity, sprung unawares upon the Indian, and threw him 
into the wheel-pit, killing him by the fall. 

]\Ir. Moses Ilale started the powder mills on Concord River, 
with forty pestles, in 1818. Mr. Oliver M. Whipple and Mr. 
William Tilcston of Boston, engaged in the business with Mr. 
Hale in 1819. In 1821, Mr. Moses Hale disposed of his inter- 
est in the business to Mr. David Halo, who retained his connec- 
tion with it till 1827, when he in turn sold out to his partners, 
and became editor of the New York Journal of Commerce. Mr. 
Tileston retired in 1829, and Mr. Whipple remained as sole pro- 
prietor. The business was enlarged from time to time, and was 
in its zenith during the Mexican War. Nearly a million pounds 
of powder were manufactured here during a single year of that 
contest. How many Mexicans were killed by the powder here 
made, can never be fully ascertained this side of Immortality ! 
It is sufficient for the utilitarian philosopher to know that a large 
fortune was amassed by Mr. Whipple by the manufacture of this 
" destructive element." At a festival of the sons and daughters 
of Vermont, in Lowell, in 1854, Mr. Whipple, among other 
things, remarked, that, when he first came to Lowell, in 1818, 
his whole cajVital was but six hundred dollars. His subsequent 
success in his business operations entitles him to a high place 
among those who, without the aid of inherited wealth, make their 








HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 




AMOS SANBORN, 

MANUFACTURER OP 

saiii Will. ^I'SitiT. &s.. 

POST OFFICE CORNER, 

Corner of Central and Middle Streets, Lowell, Mass. 




At my establishment] may be found at all times a large assortment of 

TEA AND TABLE SPOONS, 

Tea and Dining Forks, Butter and Tea Knives, 

saa.'^^iE TEA m's^s ©^^i? ©©iBiLiiifg a iPiE^siEiim^p 

NAPKIN RINGS, &c., &c. 
A superior timekeeper, direct from the Manufactory. 

Also, a Large Assortment of Gold and Silver Watches» 

Of my own importation, and warranted time keepers. A large assortment of 

all kinds of Fashionable Jewelry, 

Plated and Britannia Ware, in large and chaste variety, 

GOLD AND SILVER SPECTACLES, EYE GLASSES, &c. 
O'Old Silver made over into Spoons, Medals, Badges, &c. 
^Cr ,f*j|5DooR Plates made to order. Exgrating of all kinds neatly exe- 
^^ cuted. Fine Watches and Jewelry carefully repaired and warranted. 



m 



own fortunes, and conquer their own position in the world. The 
^){^ powder works were sold, in 1855, to Messrs. G. G. Newhall & 
q) Co., of Boston, and removed to Gorham in Maine. No gun- 
powder is now known to be manufactured in Lowell. 

The cotton mill started by Messrs. Whiting and Fletcher in 
1813, was sold in 1818 to Mr. Thomas Hurd. He converted it 
into a woollen mill, and run sixteen hand-looms for the manufac- 
ture of satinets. He also built a larger brick mill for the manu- 
facture of the same class of goods. Mr. Hurd's mill was destroyed 
by fire, and rebuilt in 1826. Mr. Hurd continued to run these 
works till the great reaction of trade in 1828, when he became 
bankrupt. These premises were purchased in 1830 by the Mid- 
dlesex Company. 

Mr. Hurd was originally from Albany, in New York. He 
was so much encouraged by his own prospects, on establishing 
himself here in 1818, that he prevailed upon his former fellow- 
townsman, Mr. Winthrop How, to start a mill for the manufac- 
ture of flannels at Waraesit Falls in Belvidere. I\Ir. How con- 
tinued to manufacture flannels by hand-looms till 1827, when he 
sold his mill to Harrison How. Mr. Harrison How introduced 
power-looms in lieu of hand-looms, and continued the business till 
1831, when be sold to Mr. John Nesmith and others. The sub- 
sequent history of these mills will be traced in a future chapter. 
The bridge built across the Concord near its mouth in 1774, 
was demolished in 1819, and its place supplied by a superior 
structure. The bridge on East Merrimae Street, connecting Bel- 
videre with the main part of the city, stands on the site of the 
bridge of 1819 ; the last-named bridge having been several times 
renewed. 

The dam across Concord River at Massic Falls, where Rich- 
mond's Batting Mills now stand, was constructed about this time, 
and a Forging Mill established there, by Messrs. Fisher & Ames. 
Their works were considerably extended in 1823, and continued 
by them till 1836, when they sold their privilege to Mr. P. 0. 
Richmond, of whose works an account will be given hereafter. 

In 1820, the village of East Chelmsford contained two hun- 
dred inhabitants. Had not the Boston capitalists who were at 



S. T. LANCASTER. 



IDE-A.LEK. IKT 



YESTIFG-S, &G., ■■ 

— ALSO — 








L M 



fm^t 






tJ 



s. 



^^FOR CASH ONLY. 






SiS^ 



Nos. 7 and 8 Appletoii Block, 

CENTRAL STREET, 

UNDER APPLETON BANK, 



D^iiLiL^ mm^^ 



}^ ^" Gentlemen who value a genteel and tasty garment are most Q^ 
respectfully solicited to give this establishment '--^ 



% 



tt}' 



'^is.^0^J^ — 





52 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: 






that time concerned in the mills at Waltham, commenced opera- 
tions here on the " Waltham system," the future growth of the 
place must have been slow ; and ages, perhaps, would have been 
required to achieve what they accomplished in a single quarter- 
century. Waltham is justly regarded as the parent of Lowell. 
Some half-dozen farms, owned and occupied by intelligent and 



T 




COURT HOUSE. 



substantial families, embraced the chief part of the present city. 
G] / How's flannel mill was all that distinguished Belvidere from other 
'^^ neighborhoods of Tewki-bury. But there, in his house on the 
^ margin of the Merrimac, lived Hon. Edward S. L. Livermore, 
vxJ3 ^^ose personal talents, public reputation, and fireside hospitality 




J. EUSSELL SPALDING'S 




Take the sweetest of names and 

the fairest of flowers, 
Combme them, and lo, what a 

treasure is ours ? 
For blooming in winter, when 

earth is all drearj'. 
We hail with delight the green 

fragrant Rose-Mary, 




The Great and Popular Preparation for the Hair. 

ORNAMENT, CLEANSE, SOFTEN, EMBELLISH, 

AND GIVE 

RICHISS AMD BRILLIANCY TO THE HAIR. 

It has stood the test of time and nse, and can be relied upon as one of the 
best articles in the world for the purposes it is recommended. It removes 
Dandruff, relieves the Headache. To prevent the Hair from falling off, re- 
storing it to bald places, and forcing its growth wherever nature intended it 
should grow, the Rosemary has been used with as much success, probably, 
as any article ever known. It keeps the Hair in a healthy state, giving to 
all Hair, natural and false, a rich glossy appearance. 

PRICE 25 CEWS AND $1,00 PER BOTTLE. 
MANUFACTURER AND PROPRIETOR, 

J. RUSSELL SPALDING, 

DRUGGIST AND APOTHECARY. 



The facsimile of his signature is on every bottle of the genuine. 
NO, 27 TREMONT STREET, opp. Moseuin, Boston, Mass. 

S02UME MlBIGim§, HEflfJMJgEY, 

4.^^C»-» ' — 

Clinton's New Instantaneous Hair Dye Price $1.00. 

Frencli's Hair Remover, for taking oflf Suq)kis Hair, . . Price 50 Cents. 
Silver Plating Fluid, for Coating Metals with Silver, Price 25 Cents and $1.00. 
Jug Perfuniery, — 12 kinds, in Small Stone Jugs, . Price 25 Cents eacli. 

My articles are for sale by Druggists and Merchants throughout the coun- 
try. Orders addressed to me will receive prompt attention, 

J. RUSSELL SPALDING, 

27 Teemont Steeet, Boston, [opposite museum.] 



5e 





-^ 



HISTORY OP LOWELL 



© 




gave edat to the place. He bad sat as judge in the Supreme 
Court of New Hampshire, at a time when something more than 
partizanship was demanded of judges ; he had represented Mas- 
sachusetts in Congress, when men of small calibre were very 
wisely kept at home ; he had stood in the front rank of his pro- 
fession as a lawyer ; and, having now retired from practice, lived 
here in the enjoyment of all the otium cum cUgnitate of Cicero. 
But the focus of fashion, the centre of gravity, of the place, 
was at the head of the Pawtucket Canal. There, lived Hon. 
Ashael Stearns, one of the ablest lawyers of his time, afterwards 
law-professor at Harvard University. There, also, lived Phineas 
Whiting, James Bowers, John Ford, Elisha Ford, and others, 
whose families possessed considerable local importance. But 
events were at hand, which threw this order of things far into 
the shade. Manufactures came on a mammoth scale ; and all 
these things were totally eclipsed. 



Patrick T. Jackson and Francis C. Lowell. 

We have now arrived at that period in our history, when, 
through the combined efforts of a few organizing minds, Lowell 
became, in the elegant phrase of Hon. Edward Everett, " the 
noble city of the arts." The history of the active leaders in any 
commiinity is necessarily, in some measure, the history of the 
community itself. This is preeminently so with that little band 
of great minds, who established the institutions that have given 
character and an historical position to Lowell, — who turned the 
industry of New England into channels unexplored before, and 
opened to their country new and inexhaustible resources of wealth 
in the manufacture of cotton. 

All who regard man as something more than a piece of mech- 
anism, the plaything of circumstances, a waif on the storm-tossed f ^ 
sea of chance ; all who regard him as a free moral agent, gifted ^'j^ 
with great powers and high responsibilities, will attribute much ^^ 
of tho success of our institutions to the energy and virtue of those r^ -^ 



r^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS 'BUSINESS. 55 G^ 







\--'^ 'il^ u 




BALSAMa 

For COLDS, COUGHS, INFLUENZA, 

IP3I CD _A_ I?< S IEj INT IE S S 

BRONCfllTIS, WaOOPING-COUGH, ASTHMA, 

And for all Diseases that lead to 

masta¥1ndiaFpijjm^ 

Is warranted to cure, effectually and completely, the above 
named diseases, if used in season. It is a remedy for diseases of 
the lungs, second to no other preparation. That medicine does 
not exist that will compare with it in its prompt and speedy effi- 
cacy in relieving colds, coughs, and diseases of the lungs in gen- 
eral. Such is the unanimous opinion with regard to it where it 
has been thoroughly tried. 

^" Those whose lungs are so diseased as to bo beyond the 
reach of remedial agents, will derive greater relief than from any 
other medicine of the kind. Composed entirely of vegetables, 
thoroughly prepared and highly concentrated, free from minerals 
and poisonous acids, it can be relied on at all times, under all 
circumstances, and for all ages with perfect safety. — Hundreds 
in this city have been speedily cured by it, of the above named 
diseases, who can testify to the same. 

To dealers in medicine it will be afforded at the usual rates, 
with bills and certificates, and sent by express to any section of 
the country, from which orders are received. 

All orders and letters addressed to the manufacturer, at Low- 
ell, Mass., will receive prompt attention. 

Sold by the manufacturer, at his office, and by all dealers in 
medicine in the city. 

JOS- .A.. nN/OIJ^STj^. 



\m 





HISTORY OF LOWELL: 






by whom they were established. The names of Patrick T. Jack- 
son, Francis C. Lowell, Kirk Boott, Paul Moody, Ezra Worthen, 
"Warrcii Colburn, the Appletons, the Lawrences, and the whole 
gallery of the founders of Lowell, will ever be gratefully remem- 
bered by the people of this place. Their memories 

" Smell sWeet and blossom in the dust." 

Characters such as these form the true nobility of America. 
They are the genuine aristocracy, — not the aristocracy of birth, 
or of accidental position, — but the aristocracy of genius, of char- 
acter, and of personal achievement. From the universal bank- 
ruptcy conse(juent upon the last war with Great Britain, their 
power of mechanical invention, their business sagacity, their exec- 
utive ability, raised the country to competence and to wealth. 
They drew copious streams of wealth from the raw cotton of the 
south, as Moses of old drew streams of pure water from the barren 
rock of the desert. What is most remarkable is, that there was 
nothing miserly about them, — that the same minds that possessed 
capacity to amass so much wealth, also possessed the munificence 
to spend it as though the notion of profit had never been enter- 
tained at all. 

In this constellation of our city's fathers, the name of Patrick 
T. Jackson is the first that arrests our attention, and the last. 
He was the Nestor of that band, and stood " in glory above his 
peers." Born on the 14th of August, 1780, he was the youngest 
son of lion. Jonathan Jackson of Nowburyport. He came of the 
true Celto-Saxon stock. His father had been a member of the 
Continental Congress in 1782, Marshal of the District of Massa- 
chusetts under Washington, and filled other distinguished posi- 
tions in State and Nation. In the times that tried men's souls, 
that father had won distinction for his Roman firmness in the 
Patriot cause. The grandfather of ]Mr. Jackson, on his mother's 
side, was Patrick Tracy, an Irishman by birth, who came to this 
country young, poor and friendless, and made himself by his own 
talents one of the wealthiest men of Nowburyport. 

Mr. Jackson was educated in the public schools of his native 
town, and subsequently at Dummor Academy. When fifteen 



Mlf^^^m^~---~-----~-'~~~~~<s'ii^^W^ 



!^^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 57 G^ 

I SAMUEL IIDDEMRT^ I 

Corner of Merrimack and John Streets, 



Wholesale and Retail Dealer in 

DRUGS, MEDICINES AND FANCY ARTICLES, PER- 
FUMERY, GLASS WARE, PROPRIETARY MED- 
ICINES, TARTARIC ACID, ROCHELLE SALTS, 
PURE CREAM TARTAR, SUP. CARB. SODA, 
INDELLIBLE INK, LEECHES SHA- 
KERS' HERBS, &c , &c. 

Also, is sole Agent in Lowell for 

Jayne's Celebrated Family Medicines, Toivnsend's Sarsapa- 
rillla, Davis' Fain Killer, Radway's Ready Relief, Christie,s 
Galvanic Articles, Weaver's Canker Syrup, Dyer's Washing 
Fluid, and many other valuable preparations. 

PH¥SICI\NS' PRESCRIPTIO\S AND FAMILY MEDICINES 

put up at all hours of the clay and night, by a competent person, 
with neatness, accuracy, and despatch. 

All medicines warranted genuine and of the best quality ; if 
they do not prove such, the money will be cheerfully refunded. 

It is the aim of the proprietor of this store to use in the com- 
pounding and sale of medicines, those of a 

and the public have, by their liberal patronage, appreciated it. 

Grateful for past favors, a continuance of the same is solicited. 
The proprietor devotes his personal attention to business. 

Having had many years' experience in the business, and been 
established in Lowell thirteen years, customers may depend upon 
receiving satisfaction for patronage bestowed upon this establish- 
ment. 

Lowell, July, 1856. 



J. 





HISTORY OF LOWELL 



7^< 



years of age, he became the apprentice of Mr. William Bartlett, 
a rich merchant in Newburyport, and distinguished himself by 
his industry and by his proficiency in his business. Before he 
attained the age of twenty, he was considered competent to go as 
master of a cargo of merchandise to the Island of St, Thomas, in 
the West Indies. Soon after returning from St. Thomas, he 
went to Madras and Calcutta as clerk to his elder brother, Cap- 
tain Henry Jackson ; and acquired such proficiency in navigation 
and seamanship during the voyage, that on his return, he was 
allowed to take the entire charge of a ship and cargo in the same 
trade. 

He completed three East India voyages in this capacity, and 
was at the Cape of Good Hope in 1806, when that valuable colony 
was taken from the Dutch by the English. In 1808, he returned 
home, relinquished the sea, and engaged in commercial pursuits 
at Boston. Assisted by his brother-in-law, Francis C Lowell, 
he engaged largely in the East India trade. In 1811, his affairs 
haviifg become seriously embarrassed, he called together his prin- 
cipal creditors, and gave them a lucid exposition of his affairs. 
He showed that if they would allow him a little time, he could 
meet all his liabilities, and still have a surplus left ; but that if 
they pressed him to an immediate settlement, his assets would 
not be sufiicient to meet half their lawful claims. This exposi- 
tion was entirely satisfactory ; his request was acceded to ; and 
at the end of that year, he found himself, as he expressed it, "on 
his legs again." This event illustrates, more than any eulogy, 
the character of the man. 

The business of Mr. Jackson was suspended by the war of 
1812. Mr. Francis C. Lowell had just then returned after a 
long absence in England and Scotland. Mr. Lowell was a fellow- 
townsman of Mr. Jackson. Ho was the son of Hon. John Lowell, 
and was born in Newburyport in 1774, being six years Mr. 
Jackson's senior. He had graduated at Harvard in 1763, and 
had spent the last two years abroad on account of his health. In 
a published Memoir of Mr. Lowell, Hon. Edward Everett observes, 
that the vast importance of manufacturing industry, as a source 
of national wealth, was strongly impressed upon Mr. Lowell's 



■(I 







HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 59 



(WTMAN'S EXCHANGE,) 

CORNER OF MERRIMACK AP CENTRAL STREETS, LOWELL, MASS. 

ESTABLISHED IN 1846. 




This Office, being constantly supplied with the newest, and 
most ELEGANT Styles of Type and Borders, is ready at all 
times, to furnish, at short notice, in the best manner, 
and at the lowest living profit, every variety 



mmwTmm 

Such as Factory Labels, 
Cloth Tickets, 
Blanks and Cards, 
Bills of Exchange, 
Notes, Drafts, 
Bank Checks, 
Receipts, 
Circulars, 
Billets, (all styles,) 
Deeds, Leases, 
Mortgages, 
Policies of Insurance, 
Bills of Lading, 
Bills of Fare, 



— OF — 



wm 



Railroad Receipts, ; 

Bill Heads, I 

Sermons, j 

Addresses, i 

Reports, \ 

Catalogues, j 
Savings' Bank Books'. 

Pass Books, ! 

Programmes, i 

Orders of Dances, | 

Business Cards, i 

School do, I 

Address do. I 
Invitation do. 



Wedding Cards, 
Presentation Cards, 
Ball Tickets, 
Concert Tickets, 
Envelopes, 
Tags, 

Show Cards, 
Labels of all kinds, 
Hand Bills, 
Auction Bills, 
Show Bills, 
Paper Signs, 
Shop Bills. 
Time Bills, etc 



<4 Receipts, and various other blank notices, useful to business men, on 
_J/ hand, for sale at reasonable rates, or printed to order. 



'^^ 

^ 



U^0^- 



.=%^^ 




^^0^fi 



UISTORV OF LOTVELL 



,^ mind, while in England : " and some branches of manufactures 
^>P were examined by him with care." He returned to the United 
i>) States with a fixed idea, that the cotton manufacture, then mo- 
^ nopolized by Great Britain, could be successfully introduced here. ) 
( Mr. Lowell had heard of power-looms, and of daily inventions ) 

) in England of labor-saving machinery. He saw and admitted j 
3 that the advantages of cheap labor, abundant capital, superior c 
J skill, and established reputation, were all on the side of the Eng- ) 
( lish. But the raw cotton could be procured cheaper here ; water- ) 
/ power was more abundant than in England : and he thought that j 
} the superior intelligence and enterprise of the American popula- 
j tion would ensure the success of the cotton manufacture in these 
c States, in spite of the competition of all Europe. 
; Mr. Lowell unfolded these views at length to Mr. Jackson, 

{ and proposed that an experiment in the cotton manufacture be 
made here. After deliberation, they both resolved to undertake 
the enterprise, and were not discouraged by difficulties which 
would have thwarted less resolute men. The possibility of pro- 
cuiing books, designs, or models of machines from England, 
was of course cut off by the then pending war. Yet these extra- 
ordinary men, — not bred as mechanics, nor experienced in ma- 
chinery, — undertook to reinvent, and did reinvent, all that was 
valuable among the inventions of the ingenious mechanics of Eng- 
land. Like the youthful General of the Army of Italy, these 
Napoleons of manufactures created all their own resources ; and 
their victories were as glorious as his. 

The first difficulty was in getting a power-loom. They exam- 
ined the models of power-looms in the Patent Office, but found 
none of them practicable. They remembered that in England 
the power-loom had been invented by a clergyman ; and they 
concluded that in America it might be invented by merchants 
like themselves. The invention of a power-loom was actually 
perfected by their inventive genius in the autumn of 1812. 
Being in want of a practical mechanic,, they secured the services 
of Mr. Paul Moody. Mr. Moody was born in Amesbury in 1777, 
and had been for some time engaged in the manufacturing busi- 
ness in that town, in connection with Mr. Ezra Worthen. Mr. 



v-^'/fK^^^;^)ww^.w^.w^,^,, — ^^ 



"^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 61 





f Formerly Merrill § Straw,) 

Publisher, Bookseller, Stationer, 



.^jvx> x>:E^i.:Ext. XT\r 



BORDERS, BLANK BOOKS, &e. 



h 



^l^.T-i'h; :^ools.s IS^^tcSLe to Ord-ex*. 

Old Books, Pamphlets, Music &c., Bound with Neatness and Despatch. 

Nos. 23 Central and 1 Middle Streets, 

OPPOSITE THE POST OFFICE, 

LOWELL, MASS. 



Cr OFFICE OF THE MUTUAL BENEFIT LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 

3 JOSHUA MERRILL, Agent. 






62 



HISTOEY OF LOWELL; 



Moody's aid was invaluable in the starting of the first mill at 
Waltham, though he did not remove to reside there till 1814. 

The original design of Messrs. Lowell and Jackson was only 
to start a weaving-mill, and to buy their yarn of others. No 
such establishment as a mill where raw cotton was manufactured 
into finished cloth, without going through different hands, and 
forming two distinct businesses, was then dreamed of. The 
practice was to run spinning-mills and weaving-mills as separate 
establishments. But as soon as their loom was completed, they 
found it expedient to spin their own yam, rather than to buy it 
of others. In 1813, they accordingly fitted up a mill with seven- 
teen hundred spindles, which is still in operation at Walthara. 

Their sizing machine they constructed by improving upon 
Horrock's dressing-machine, patented in England. Their dress- 
ing machine was invented by Mr. Moody. Mr. Lowell and Mr. 
Moody both had a hand in the invention of their double-speeder 
for spinning. The mathematical scholarship of Mr. Lowell was 
as indispensable to its success as the mechanical ingenuity of Mr. 
Moody. The peculiar invention of Mr. Moody was the filling- 
throstle. The machines invented by these ingenious men were 
substantially the same as those now in use, though subser[uent 
inventions have improved and perfected them. This fact will 
appear the more remarkable, when we consider how many dis- 
advantages and embarrassments beset the original inventors, 
which are now removed. 



The First Company atWaltham. 

Having now, after incredible labor, completed their designs, 
Messrs. Jackson and Lowell associated other gentlemen with 
them, and, in 1813, obtained a charter as the Boston Manufac- 
turing Company, with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars. 
This " speculation," as it was then called, proved a splendid suc- 
cess ; and the business was soon extended as far as the water- 





HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS 



PERRY DAVIS 



f VEGETABLE PAIN KILLER 




And after a thorough tkial, by innumerable living witnesses, has proved 
itself to be 

THE MEDICINE OF THE AGE. 

Although there have been many medicinal preparations brought before the 
public since the first introduction of Perry Davis' Vegetable Pain Kil- 
ler, and large amounts expended in tlieir introduction, the Pain Killer 
has continued to steadily advance in the estimation of the world, as the best 
Family Medicine ever introduced. As an internal and external remedy, it is 
truly a source of 

J-O-^ TO TKCB -V^OI^LID- 



One positive proof of its eflScacy is, that the sales have constantly increased, 
and wholly upon its own merits, as the proprietors have not resorted to adver- 
tising to gain for it the rank it now holds among the great number of prepa- 
rations of the present time. The effect of the Pain Killer upon the patient, 
when taken internally, iu cases of co/fZs, coiiffh, bowel comjjlaints, cholera, dys- 
entery, and other affections of the system, has-been truly wonderful, and has 
won for it a name among medicinal preparations that can never be forgotten. 
Its success in removing ^;aM«, as an external remedy, in case of ^iWMs, brtdses, 
sores, S2)rams, cuts, stinqs ofitisects, and other causes of suffering, has secu- 
red for it such a host of testimony, as an almost infallible remedy, that it will 
be handed down to posterity as one of the greatest medical discoveries of the 
nineteenth century. 

THE MIGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PAIN KILLER, 

when taken or used according to directions, are certain. You have only to be 
sure that you buy the genuine article, and adhere to the directions in its use, 
and you will admit its wonderful medicinal properties. 

The genuine Perry Davis' Pain Killer is now put up in panel bottles, with 
the words, "Davis' Vegetable Pain Killer" blown in the glass, and with 
two steel engraved labels on each bottle — one an excellent likeness of Perry 
Davis, the original inventor of the medicine, the other a steel engraved Note 
of Hand. None others can be relied upon as genuine. 

Price of Bottles, 25 cents, 50 cents, and $1.00, respectively. 

!^°For sale by most of the Medicine Dealers throughout the world. 

PERHY DAVIS & SON, PROPRIETORS, 
?3 No. 74: High Street, - - Providence, S. I. 





HISTORY OF LOWELL 



power at Waltham would permit. The first suggestions and 
many of the chief plans were made by Mr. Lowell ; but Mr. 
Jackson devoted the most time and labor to the management of 
it. He spent much of his time at Waltham, away from his family ; 
and at length became so absorbed in manufactures, that, in 1815, 
he abandoned mercantile business altogether. 

While cotton cloth was being sold at thirty-three cents per 
yard, Mr. Lowell, fired with the presentiment of what his plans 
would accomplish, predicted to a friend, that, " within fifty 
years, cotton cloth would be sold for four-pence a yard." The 
prediction was called "visionary" then; but it has long since } 
been fulfilled. Our far-sighted adventurers were frequently ad- [ 
vised, by meddlesome outsiders and gossipping Mrs. Grundys, ( 
that they would soon overdo their new business. No sooner did I 
one mill send forth its cloth, than all agreed that it would be the ( 
last. The markets would bo glutted. Goods would lie by, and / 
rot in the warehouses. Bankruptcy, ruin, pauperism, would \ 
ensue. But our adventurers kept right on, paying no more at- ( 
tention to the gossip of the Mrs. Grundys, than they would have ( 
paid to the evolutions of an army of grasshoppers. True, they ^ 
saw not all the future, nor half "the wonders that would be;" I 
but they remained firm in the conviction that by improved ma- 
chinery they could compete successfully with England in all the 
markets of the globe ; and experience has proved that this convic- 
tion was not without foundation. 

In 1816, Mr. Lowell visited Washington, to impress upon 
members of Congi-ess, as Mr. Everett says, " the importance, the 
prospects and the dangers of the cotton manufacture, and the 
policy of shielding it from foreign competition by legislative pro- 
tection." Constitutional objections have often, in more recent 
times, been urged against the protective system. No objection 
of this kind was then heard of. The New England States were 
too exclusively engaged in commerce to listen to hiin ; but the 
Middle States favored the new plan. The States of the West 
were divided ; the* South, as usual, hold the balance of power ; 
and Mr. Lowell's appeal to the interests of the Southern planters 
r-J^ pi-evailed. The famous minimum duty on imported cotton fab- 







HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 



■WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALER IN 

GOFEEGTIOSEB-Y A¥I) CAKE, 

No. 37 Central Street, Lowell, Mass. 



Meals Furaisiied at all Hours of tlie Day. 

PARTIES SUPPLIED WITH ICE CREAM, JELLEY, CAKE, OYSTERS, AND ALL 

ARTICLES REQUIRED FOR AN ENTERTAINMENT, AT THE SALOON 

OR AT PRIVATE RESIDENCES. 

connected with the Saloon is a' 

LARGE AND ELEGANT DANCING HALL, 

And a Dining Room for Private Parties. 

MIJ6 MB m^im §TJHBM, ]?ie«iict. ^e., 

Furnished with every requisite at short notice and with punctuality. 




400 Washington Street. 

The only manufacturers of Coleman's Patent ^olian 
Attachment for Massachusetts. 

A large assortment of T. Gilbert & Go's PIANO FORTES, with or with- 
out the much admired iEolian Attachment, which gives to the Piano the 
beautiful and rich tones of an organ. The iEolian in no way interferes with 
the Piano — either can be played alone, or the two united. For sale on the 
same terms and prices as at the manufactory in Boston, and warraated to give 
satisfaction or the money will be refunded. They will be sent any distance 
within 2'5 miles free of charge. 

GKO. HEOItiCK, 3G Central Street, ZiOwell, 

Only Agent for the past fifteen years for T. Gilbert & Co., Boston. 

N. B.— T. Gilbert is the oldest Piano Forte maker in Boston, having been 
in the business for nearly thirty years, and having every facility for doing the 
work in the best manner. No better Instruments for sweetness, richness of 
tone, and durability of workmanship, can be found in this country, than are 
made by T. Gilbert & Co. 
Second hand church Organs for Sale. Good second hand Piano Fortes to let. 

G. H. is also Agent for Geo. Stevens, Organ Builder, East Cambridge, Ms. 





HISTORY OF LO WELL; 



rics was proposed by Mr. Lowell, recommended by Mr. Lowndes, 
advocated by Mr. Calboun, and incorporated into law in 1816. 

In tbis way, American manufactures were protected from Brit- 
ish competition, and nursed in a vigorous life. It is to tbis provis- 
ion of law, says Mr. Everett, in the memoir before quoted, that 
" New England owes that branch of industry which has made 
her amends for the diminution of her foreign trade ; which has 
kept her prosperous under tbe exhausting drain of her population 
to the West ; which has brought a market for his agricultural pro" 
duce to the farmer's door ; and which, while it has conferred 
these blessings on tbis part of the country, has been productive 
of good, and nothing but good, to every portion of it." 

The whole credit of this policy is due to Mr. Lowell. But he 
did not live to witness the realization of his plans. " Man pro- 
poses, but God disposes." He died in 1817, at the age of forty- 
three ; and committed to others the completion of his vast de- 
signs. The Memoir of Mr. Everett contains an eloquent eulogy 
of this great public benefactor, whose name will go down to pos- 
terity as the father of the City of Spindles. " Pyramids and 
mausoleums," says the American Cicero, " may crumble to the 
earth, and brass and marble mingle with the dust they cover ; 
but the pure and well-deserved renown, which is thus incorpora- 
ted with the busy life of an intelligent people, will be remembered, 
till the long lapse of ages and tlie vicissitudes of fortune shall 
reduce all of America to oblivion and decay !" 



I 




The First Company in Lowell. 

In 1820, Mr. Jackson was still connected, as agent, with the 
mills at Waltham. Mr. Moody was also there, as machinist. 
Hon. Nathan Appleton had a large interest in the same concern. 
Their success had been great ; but their operations in Waltham 
could be extended no further, from want of water-power. Of all 
the establishments called into life by the war of 1812, none had 



™<3;^^; 



GENTLEMEN'S 

CUSTOM READY-MADE 




m,m 



HA.TS, CA.P8, A.jSrD 



RICH FDRNISHING G 



UUu," 



^ •% ^ %g3(^ 



No. 1 CANAL BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET, 

Where can be found constantly on hand every description of the 
above named goods, in large quantities, of the best quality, and 

got up in the most thorough manner, and guaranteed to suit the 
purchaser and give him as good satisfaction as if he had them 
made expressly for him. By getting up large quantities at a time, 
I can afford to sell 

Having paid strict attention to the business for the last ten 
years, I flatter myself that I can appreciate my customers' wants 
in such a manner that if they call on me once, they will be sure 
to call again, and make my store their resort for the purchase of 
the above named goods. 



m. 1 CANAL BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET, 




HISTORY 



LOWELL; 



been more profitable than theirs. They had resolved to establish 
other mills elsewhere, and were in quest of a place aflFording a 
good supply of water-power, for that purpose. 

Jlessrs. Jackson and Appleton visited Souhegan, in New 
Hampshire, and examined the water-privilege at that place. They 
passed the place where Nashua now stands, and stopped to look 
at an old saw-mill, that then stood there. They also examined 
other privileges ; but finally returned to Waltham, rejecting them 
all. At this time, Mr. "Worthen was still interested in the origi- 
nal establishment at Amesbury. Shortly afterwards, Mr. Moody, 
while on a visit to Amesbury, mentioned to Mr. Worthen, that 
the company at Waltham were in quest of a water-power. None 
of tliese Waltham gentlemen knew "anything of the water-power 
at the Pawtucket Canal. Mr. Worthen had been familiar with 
Pawtucket Falls from his boyhood ; and he very naturally replied 
to Mr. Moody's remark, by asking, " Why don't they purchase 
the land round Pawtucket Canal ? They can put up as many 
mills as they please there, and never want for water." 

On returning to Waltham, Mr. Moody went out of his way on 
purpose to look at these falls, and Mr. Worthen accompanied 
him. Arriving at Waltham, they related to Mr. Jackson a de- 
scription of the place, and Mr. Worthen chalked out upon the 
floor a map of Merrimac Kiver, including both the Pawtucket 
Falls and Canal. Mr. Jackson listened eagerly to their story, 
and was soon convinced that a large manufacturing town could 
here be built up. The great idea of possessing himself of the 
whole power of Merrimac River filled his mind ; but with charac- 
teristic sagacity, ho kept the secret locked in his own breast 
until he had secured all the stock of the Pawtucket Canal, and a 
very considerable portion of the adjoining lands. 

To purchase these shares of the Locks and Canals company Mr. 
Thomas M. Clark, a merchant of Ncwburyport, was employed. 
The shares were five hundred in number ; and the par value of 
each was one hundred dollars. Some of them were purchased 
twenty dollars below par ; and nearly all of them were secured at 
something less than par. The farms of Nathan Tyler, Josiah 
Fletcher, Mrs. Joseph Warren, and the Cheever farm, were all 



'^m 



TIE HEAD ACHE KILLER! 



Si's) !»j^ ij^^ ^ ^ ^mmw '^^ 
Of Goffstown Centre, New Hampshire. 

Uach succeeding year adds to the reputation of this invaluable 
Specific for the Sick and Nervous Head Ache, Tic Douloureux, 
Neuralgia, and other 

isrE:R"\roxjs -A^FFEaTjonsrs. 

It was first put on sale, in a popular form, in 1849. Its sales 
have been on a steady increase ever since. All who sell it say 
that their customers invariably bring back a good report concern- 
ing it. 

The fine prominent virtues which so highly recommend this 
preparation, are : — 

1. — It is but slightly cathartic in its effects, unless used in 
over doses. 

2. — It is scientifically compounded, — not thrown together by 
guessing. 

3. — Its color is produced by pure vegetable drugs,— ^not by 
adding dye-stuffs. 

4. — Though containing a large amount of medicine, it is sold 
at half the price of most other remedies offered for sale. 

5. — It is not secret medicine, as all of its ingredients are 
made known in plain English, printed upon the label. 

A Circular wrapped around the bottle gives its origin, history, 
&:c. It cannot fail to give satisfaction to all who use it. 

PEICE FIFTTCEm ^rTbOTTLE. 

i S. KIDDER, JR., CARLETON & HOVEY, C. S. EASTMAN, J. R, HAYES, 

I J. T. BILLINGS, A. W. DOWS, L. W. WILLIS. 

• FOR SALE BY DRUGGISTS and APOTHECARIES EVERYWHERE. 
I Manufactured at Goffstoion Centre, N. H. , 

: B Y J. ^W . I> O L A N D . 

' I The following List of Medicines, prepared by Dr. Poland, are daily in- 
^ creasing in demand, and have an excellent reputation wherever known : 

^ THE HUMOR DOCTOR, .50 cent 

I. WHITE PINE COMPOUND, for colds, cough, &c., 37 1-2 " 
^5 PAIN EASER, (2 oz. and 4 oz. bottle,) 15 and 25 " 

2S 



S 





HISTORY OF LOWELL: 



purchased in 1821-'24, for about four hundred thousand dollars 
in all. These farms contained about four hundred acres ; they 
covered what is now the most densely peopled part of the city ; 
and were bought at prices ranging from one to two hundred dol- 
lars per acre. Most of these lands have been sold at various 
times by the Locks and Canals Company, at from twelve cents to 
one dollar per square foot. This far-sighted man, Mr. Jackson, 
at once bade the farmers retire, and dedicated this place to the 
Genius of Art. He now offered a share of his investment to his 
former colleagues at Waltham ; his offer was gladly accepted ; 
and, in 1822, he and his colleagues were incorporated as the Mer- 
riniac Manufacturing Company, with a capital of one and a half 
million dollars. 

Such was the beginning of manufacturing companies in Lowell. 
Of course, the value of real estate here was suddenly greatly en- 
hanced. A single illustration of this, related in Rev. Dr. Miles' 
" Lowell as it was, and as it is," must not be omitted : — Nine 
undivided tenths of the Cheever farm were bought in 1821 for 
eighteen hundred dollars ; and the owner of the other one-tenth 
had agreed to convey the same for two hundred dollars. Before 
he had conveyed it, however, he died, suddenly, insolvent ; and 
the one-tenth was sold by order of court. But such had been the 
increase in its value, that the Locks and Canals Company paid 
upwards of three thousand dollars for seven and a half-tenths of 
it ; and the remaining two and a half tsnths were sold, one year 
afterwards, for upwards of five thousand dollars ! 

One hundred and twenty thousand dollars were spent by the 
new company in widening and deepening the canal, and cutting 
an additional lateral canal from the Pawtucket Canal to the Mer- 
rimac River. The mills were erected on the margin of the river, 
and completed in 1823. The fii-st return of cloth was made in 
November of that year. 





FREDERICK BARON, 

Druggist i Apothecary, 

COR. MERRIMACK & WORTHEN 8TS., ^ 

LOWELL. MASS., 

Keeps constantly on hand and full assortment of 

IPSSl WEI, SJlllMSi^ll, KfMlfl, 

"SELECT POWDERS," GLASS WARE, FANCY ARTICLES, PERFUMERY, &C- 

Plijsiciaus' Prescriptions Coiiipoiinded witli accuracy at all liours, Bay or Niglit, 

From such preparations only as the proprietor, in his experience deems 
suitable to dispense. 

On hand and for sale, the following, with numerous others, not mentiotied : 

POWDERS, 

Rochelle, Soda, Seidlitz, Lazell, Marsh and Humi's "Select 
Powders,^' etc. 

HAIR DYES, 

Bachelder's, Hutchins' , Mathews', and Naples. 

PERFUMERY AND FANCY OILS, 

Luhiii's, Glemi's, Harrison''s, JRimmePs, Wrighfs, etc. 
Oils. — Geranium Rose, Citronella Rose, Otto Rose, San- 
dal Wood, Sweet Briar, Spring Flowers, Jasmin, Limon 
Grasse, Rhodium, Neroli, etc. 

COLOGNES, 

French Fkiglish, German and Domestic. 

BRUSHES. 
Tooth, Hat, Hair, Nail, Cloth, Shaving, CameVs Hair, etc. 

FANCY AND SHAVING SOAPS, 

Loio 8f Cleaver's Brown Windsor, Honey and Musk Scented, 

GosnelVs, Dahlia, Yankee, Babbitt's, Old Kesan, Castile, 

Transparent, etc. 

HAIR PREPARATIONS, 

Golden Lustrale, Rosemary and Castor Oil, Delight's Spanish 
Lustral, Potter's Balm, Kathairon, Lovett's WahiJene, Hun- 
garian Balm, Pomades, Bogle's Hypereon Fluid, 
Rose and Bear's Oils, etc. 

Together with a large assortment ol 





niSTOKY OF LOWELL: 



Kirk Boott and his Compeers. 




) TuE first agent of the new company was Kirk Boott. This 

( <rentleman was born in Boston in 1791, and received an academi- 
\ cal education at the famous Rugby School in England. He en- 
$ tcred Harvard College, and sowed an abundance of " wild oats," 
I but never graduated. His tastes being military, a commission 
i was purchased for him ; and he served five years as an officer in 
the British Army. He fought under Wellington in the Peninsu- 
lar War, and commanded a detachment of troops at the siege of 
San Sebastian, in 1813. His courage was perfectly bullet-proof ; 
and, not dreaming what a page history had left blank for him to 
fill, he laborod assiduously to perfect himself in the science of 
arms. But his father having died shortly after his resignation of 
his commission, he, in 1817, returned to Boston. It was through 
the intimacy that arose between him and Mr. Jackson, while the 
latter was agent of the mills at Waltham, that he was employed 
as agent of the new company at East Chelmsford (or Lowell.) 

Mr.' Boott established himself here in the spring of 1822, took 
charge of the mills, and infused into the whole place much of his 
own determined spirit and unconquerable will. He became, by 
the general assent of all, the man of the place, and represented its 
interests in the State Legislature. His portrait, which hangs in 
the Mechanics' Hall, will ever be regarded as one of the most 
precious mementos of the early days of our city. A chronic 
disease of the spine, contracted " on the tented field," seri- 
ously impaired his constitution ; and, after a residence among 
us of fifteen years, be died suddenly on the 11th of April, 1837, 
dropping dead from his chaise in the street. 

Mr. Worthen removed here at the same time with Mr. Boott, 
and his services as superintendent were of inestimable value to 
the place. Like Mr. Lowell, I\Ir. Worthen was not permitted to 
see even "the beginning of the end" of his plans. He died 
> (^ after a lingering illness, June 18th, 1824, and his loss was 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 




Billings' Toilet Oil,--for the Hair. 

In compounding this elegant preparation, the proprietor has 
carefully avoided the use of such articles as would in the least in- 
jure the hair, and has succeeded in producing a skilful combina- 
tion of such ingredients as have been ascertained by actual experi- 
ment to be salutary and invigorating to the hair. If used in 
accordance with the directions accompanying each bottle, it will 
arrest the falling off of hair, and often promotes a healthy growth 
upon bald heads. It will entirely eradicate dandruff, and cure 
all other diseases of the scalp. As a dressing for the hair it is 
unsurpassed — rendering coarse, stiff hair soft and pliable, and 
giving it that curly, graceful appearance so much admired. In 
short, it completely combines the properties of a wash, a tonic, 
and a pomatum. It is highly perfumed with the extracts of 
flowers, which particularly adapts it to ladies' and gentlemen's 
toilet use. 



Soponaceous Tooth Powder. 

Composed of tooth soap, prepared chalk, peruvian bark and 
wintergreen. This nice combination of tooth soap with the alka- 
line and vegetable powders constitutes the best dentifrice that 
can be used. We thus make public the composition of this pow- 
der, considering it to be both a good and honest recommendation 
for its use ; for it will at once be seen that this compound must 
be superior to either the tooth soap or a simple xjombination of 
vegetable powders used separately. It effectually cleanses and 
polishes the teeth and preserves the gums in a healthy condition. 
Containing nothing unpleasant to the taste, and posse.ssing so 
much of the agreeable flavor of the wintergreen, it is highly 
pleasant to use, and imparts to the breath a delightful fragrance. 
jL It will be noticed that this dentifrice is entirely free from acid 
^ and gritty substances, and cannot injure the enamel of the 
%. teeth. Prepared by J. T. Billings, apothecary and chemist, 
^^ corner of Central and Jackson Streets, Lowell. 



deeply appreciated by the community for whose interests he had 
originated so many judicious plans. 

Mr. Moody also removed here from Waltham, in 1823, and 
took the charge of the large machine shop. This shop was com- 
pleted in 1825, and cost one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. 
He remained in this position duringa period of eight years, when 
his labors were terminated by death, July 7, 1831. Born and 
bred a mechanic, Mr. Moody was none the less a gentleman. 
Skill in mechanism was his forte ; but his general capacity was 
large ; and when he died, all felt that one of the ablest citizens, 
and one of the most estimable men, had fallen. 

The place left vacant by Mr. Worthen, in 1824, was subse- 
quently filled by Mr, Warren Colburn, the distinguished author 
of a series of popular school-books on Arithmetic. Mr. Colburn 
was born in Dedham in 1793, and graduated at Harvard Univer- 
sity in 1820, at the ripe age of twenty-seven years. He was 
distinguished while at college for his assiduous devotion to the 
mathematics. After graduating, he engaged as a school-teacher 
in Boston, and while thus employed prepared those works on 
Arithmetic, which have forever intimately associated his name 
with that science. Prior to Mr. Worthen's decease, Mr. Moody 
had acquired some experience in charge of the mills at Waltham. 
His abilities were such as amply enabled him to fill Mr. Worthen's 
post ; but he will be chiefly remembered for his efforts, in con- 
nection with Rev. Dr. Edson, to build up, upon a permanent 
basis, that complete system of public schools, which is the pride 
of the place. 

The first public religious services, since the days of the Apostle 
Eliot and the Indian preacher Samuel, were celebrated by Rev. 
Dr. Edson, (then a Deacon of the Protestant Episcopal Church,) 
on the ftrst Sunday in March, 1824, in the Merrimac Company's 
School House, which was opened to pupils in the same year. 
The Merrimac Company had employed the clergyman above 
named, on their own account. A religious society was organized 
in the same year ; and public worship constantly celebrated ac- 
, ^^ cording to " the form of sound words." . ^.^ 

\J^ The digging of the canals and the erection of the mills very \l__^ 



g^Lc^^^^e)— --^ • .^w^^-^. — ^^.^.^ 





•^ 



o 







HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 75 



4^ 



itui^piiumi 



^ 



■* 

& 



Corner of Central and Jackson Streets, 



(Successor to J. C. Ayer & Co.) 



'""/^^ 



^ 



A large assortment of Trusses, Supporters and Shoulder Braces always in 
Store. Physicians' Prescriptions Carefully Compounded, and all orders cor- 
rectly answered. 



INSURANCE. 



MASSACHUSETTS MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE CO., 

Of Springfield.— Guarantee Capital, $100,000. 

HAMPDEN FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Of Springfield— Capital, $100,000. 

CONWAY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Capital $100,000. 

CITY FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Of New Haven, Ct.,— Capital, $100,000. 

QUINCY MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
HAVERHILL MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPAiNY, 
FARMERS' MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Of Georgetown. 

HAMILTON MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Of Salem. 



The undersigned is agent of the above, and several other reliable Compa- 
nies, and is prepared to effect Insurance on al! kinds of insurable property at 
as low rates as other sound Companies. All orders, by mail or otherwise, 
promptly attended to. 

Office in JOSHUA MERRILL'S BOOKSTORE, No. 23 Central Street, 
opposite the Post Office. 

Lowell, July, 1856. JEREMLUI S. FOLSOM. 




HISTORY OP LOWELL; 



soon attracted a numerous and daily increasing community ; and 
the gables of a hundred new houses suddenly arose skyward. 
The facility of communication between this place and Boston, 
had been much increased in 1822, by the establishment of a 
regular line of stages running between the two places ; and the 
Middlesex Journal, (now the LH-cU Journal and Courier,) 
started in 1824, became at once, to some extent, the organ of the 
rising community. 



Events of 1825. 




During the year 1825, East Chelmsford made rapid progress. 
The success of the business of the Merrimac Company had al- 
ready been so great, that the proprietors now concluded to ex- 
tend their operations. This company, as we have already seen, 
owned all the water-power that the Merrimac river afforded, 
together with the lands adjoining, and the original charter granted 
to the Locks and Canals Company in 1792. With a view to a 
reorganization, they now procured from the Legislature an amend- 
ment to that charter, authorizing the Proprietors of Locks and 
Canals on Merrimac River to purcliase, hold, sell or lease both 
land and water-power in Chelmsford, Tewksbury and Dracut, to 
the amount of six hundred thousand dollars. 

In this way, two companies, for different purposes, were crea- 
ted out of one. The IMerrimac Company conveyed to the Locks 
and Canals Company all their water-power and all their lands ; 
and then so much of it as was required for their own purposes, 
was reconveyed to the Merrimac Company for the nominal sum 
of one dollar. This fact gave rise to the well-known remark, 
that " the Merrimac Company bought all their property for a 
dollar." By this arrangement, the Merrimac Company was 
placed upon the same basis as the other manuf;icturing companies 
more recently established. The Locks and Canals Company had 
other objects to pursue. 




^s^ 

® 



UAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 




U. S, AND FOREIGN 

PATENT AGENCY, 

39 State Street, Boston. 
SAMUEL COOPER, 

LATE CHIEF EXAMINER IN THE UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE, 

Prccures Patents in this and Foreign Countries. 

His long official connection with the Patent Office has rendered him fa- 
miliar with its rules and practice, and with the history of invention in this 
and other countries ; and this experience, with the frequent visits which he 
proposes making to the Patent Office, justifies him in saying that his Agency 
will offer to Inventors all the advantages of one located in Washington, and, 
in addition, those which result from a residence in the midst of mechanical and 
manufacturing industry. 

Advice given upon all matters relating to the validity, &c., of patents, the 
novelty and patentability of inventions. Specifications and Drawings prepa- 
red, Caveats filed. Reconsiderations procured of applications that have been 
rejected upon imperfectly prepared papers, cases of interference, and appli- 
cations for extension and re-issue prosecuted, — and in general, all business 
connected with the Patent Office, transacted with care and promptness. 

British and other foreign patents procured through prompt and confidential 
agents in London and Paris. 

Persons residing at a distance may obtain all necessary information, and 
have their business transacted, by writing to the subscriber, without the 
trouble and expense of a visit to Washington. 

He begs leave to refer those unacquainted with him to the following testi- 
monials : 

From the Hon. Charles Mason, Commissioner of Patents : 

V. S. Patent Office, Feb. 26, 1855. 

I tike gTPat pleasure in stating that during the time I have been acting as Cnm- 
missioner of Patents, Samuel Cocper, Esq , of Boston, has been engaged as solicitor, 
and has been in that capacity in constant correspondence and intercourse with the 
Office ; he has evinced a thorough acquaintance with the Patent Law, and with the 
rules and practice of the Office, a close attention to the interests of his clients, and a 
marked candor and courtesy that has rendered the transaction of business with him 
a pleasure. I have no hesitation in stating that I regard him as one of the very best 
agents for the transaction of business with this Office with whom I am acquainted. 

CHARLES MASON, Commissioner. 
From the Examiners in the Patent Office : 

" The undersigned, Principal and Assistant Examiners in the United States Pa- 
tent Office, have for several years been well acquainted with Mr. Samuel Cooper, 
lately a Principal Examiner in this Office, and take pleasure in stating that he is a 
gentleman of the highest moral character, of unquestioned knowledge in tli-e busi- 
siness and practice of the Office, and that his scientific attainments are such as emi- 
nently fit him for the business in which he is about to engage. 

Henry B. Kemwick, i t, • • i I T. R. Peale, "1 

L D. Gale, ( Inn^iral | xhos. T. Everett, ( Assistant 

J. H. Lane, ) iSxarainers. j-_ Southgate Smith, { Examiners 

I \Vm. Chadncy Langdon,J 
" From long acquaintance, and intimate official relations with Mr. Cooper, I fully 
and heartily concur in the foregoing recommendation made by my late colleagues. 
Wm. p. N. Fitzgerald, Late Principal Examiner of Patents 




The first agent of the Locks and Canals Company, after this 
reorganization, was Mr. Boott. The stock was divided into 
twelve hundred shares, the par value of which was five hundred 
dollars apiece. The business of this company was, to furnish 
land and water-power, and build mills and machinery for the 
various manufacturing companies, successively organized during 
the ensuing twenty years, after which, as we shall hereafter relate, 
all the mill-powers being disposed of, another reorganization took 
place. This company has never engaged in manufacturing oper- 
ations itself. It kept in operation two machine shops, a foundry, 
and a saw-mill, until 1845, when the Lowell Machine Shop 
Company was incorporated to take the charge of this business. 
It built the original dam across Merrimac River at Pawtucket 
Falls ; constructed all the mill-canals, to supply the various com- 
panies with water-power ; and erected most of the mills, and the 
boarding-houses attached to them, together with the machinery 
which they severally contain. It employed constantly from five 
to twelve hundred men, and built two hundred and fifty thousand 
dollars worth of machinery per annum. Its stock was long the 
best of which Lowell could boast, being worth thrice, and even 
four times its par value. 

The Hamilton Company, the second manufacturing company 
in this place, was incorporated during the year of which we are 
treating, with a capital of one million two hundred thousand dol- 
lars. The Central Bridge Corporation was incorporated during 
the same year. The only mode of crossing Merrimac River at 
this point until now, had been by what was called " Bradley's 
Ferry." This ferry was purchased by the Central Bridge Com- 
pany, for one thousand dollars. The bridge was so far completed 
during this and the following season that tolls for foot-passers and 
carriages were received early in December, 1826. The remain- 
ing facts in relation to this bridge, perhaps, may as well bo given 
here as anywhere. The tolls for foot-passers were abolished in 
in 1843. The bridge itself was rebuilt in 1844 ; and covered in 
1849. The original cost of the bridge was twenty-one thousand 
dollars ; the cost of rebuilding was nine thousand ; and the cost 
of covering four thousand. 



'^^ 




^©!'f^^^^9-'— -————-— —————— --(5^^^^ 

"^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 79 

I A. L. WAITE &^HX 

Commission Merchants 

AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 

BUTTER, OHEESE, PORK, LARD, EGGS, 



AND ALL KINDS OF 



Diittoii Street, Opposite Mechanics' 31ills, 

LOWELL, MASS. 



S> 



All Consignments entrusted to our care will receive strict personal attention, 
and meet with prompt returns. 

Lowell affords to Consignors a market unsurpassed by any other Eastern 
market ; in attestation of which, we have only to refer to our numerous 
patrons who have continued their favors through a series of years . 



I^^Liberal Cash AdvanceSc^,^ 

Made, when required, on Consignments in hand. 

To our local friends and the purchasing community generally, we return 
thanks for the liberal patronage hitherto bestowed upon us and solicit a con- 
tinuance of the same, while we shall spare no efforts to keep our house at 
all times supplied with the varieties and qualities of goods usually found in 
such a store. 

"We have recently purchased of Messrs. CHAMBERLIN, GIBBS ^ Co., 
their stock of 

G-Xt,^T^''_, j%-TE:^X^f JFLOTTXi, tkC, 

and will continue the business, for the present, at the old stand of Messrs. 
C. G. & Co., under the Savi?igs Batik Building, on Middle Street, where they 
will be ready to supply all orders in the above line, and also at their Commis- 
sion Store on Dutton Street, 

A. L. WAITE. WM. O. FISKE. 



■ Boston 



J. A. Buttrick, Cash. Appleton B'k, ^ I Wason, Pierce & Co. 

A S. Tyler, Cash. Prescott Bank, ^ Lowell | Ransom Reed, 
William Fiske, Esq., ) I Bingham, Joy & Co., > 

C. Ainsworth, Pres't Northfield Bank, Vt., | W.Parker, Esq. Montreal, c.E. 
Lowell, August 1, 1856. 





During the year of which we are treating, some attention was 
paid to the higher nature of our people. St. Anne's Church, 
the mother-church of Lowell, was consecrated by Bishop Gris- 
wold ; and the Middlesex Mechanics' Association was incorpora- 
ted to minister, by n library of books, by lectures and other means, 
to the intellectual wants of this community of artisans. The 
erection of the stone house at Pawtuckct Falls, a handsome pri- 
vate residence, now occupied by J. C. Ayer, Esq., also dates 
during this year. 




Lowell as a Town. 

One 1 undred years had now elapsed, since the Indian village 
of Wamesit was annexed to the town of Chelmsford ; and in the 
mean time, that village had experienced a strange metamorphosis. 
On the first day of March, 1826, it was set off from Chelmsford, 
incorporated as a separate town, and baptised by the name of 
Lowell, in honor of Mr. Francis C. Lowell, of whose services to 
American manufactures some notice has already been made. 
The new-born town contained about twenty-five hundred inhabi- 
tants ; and there were but twelve tax-payers who paid taxes to 
the amount of twenty dollars apiece. 

The first board of select men consisted of Nathaniel Wright, 
Samuel Batchelder, and Oliver M. Whipple, Esquires. The 
chief topics of town legislation were religious worship, public 
schools, the poor, the highways, and other matters of local con- 
cern. 

The first State election holden here, occurred on the third day 
of April, 1826, when Hon. Levi Lincoln received ninety-five 
votes for Governor, and James Loyd fifty-three votes for the 
same office. The first Kepresentative in the General Court, was Ab* 
Nathaniel Wright, Esquire, who, on the eighth day of May in 'p^ 
the same year, received sixty votes, — there being twelve scat- "jS^ 
tering. ^_^ 



3 





HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 81 



G. B. MERRILL 








AND — 




No. 21 Central Street, Lowell, Mass. 

ISOMEiSGAlTimAWIRGS, 

im OP BUILDINGS, 

'jh SEALS, ENVELOPE STAMPS, COTTON STAMPS, 

i^j. Circus, Theatre, and Exhibition Posters, Callers, &c., Designed 
^^^ and Engraved with neatness and despatch. 








UAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



83 



THiois/^i'Sonsr^'s 

CLOTHING STORE. 




3 



I would invite the attention of all, both strangers and citizens, in want of 
GOOD CLOTHING, to my Establishment, where may be found one of the 
most attractive stocks of well made 

Fashionable Clothing 

to be found in our city. Having devoted my whole attention to the business, 
for the last eight years, and a thorough acquaintance with the market, I am 
enabled to offer my customers inducements to purchase which can be excelled 
by none, either in price, substantial workmanship, or fitting of garments. 

At all times of the year I am prepared to meet demands for Fashionable 
Clothing of the most approved New York and Boston Fashions, and at such 
prices as will accord with the strictest ideas of economy. 

All I ask, is a visit to my store to convince you of the fact that my stock 
is second to none, and as cheap as the cheapest. 

JOSEPH P. THOMPSON, 

108 Central, Corner of Hard Street 





Our first Representative in Congress, after the incorporation, 
was Hon. Edward Everett. The first election for the choice of 
a representative occurred on the sixth day of November, (182G.) 
Mr. Everett then received twenty-two votes. At the next elec- 
tion, in 1828, he received two hundred and seventy-eight votes, 
and Leonard M. Parker ninety-five. At the election in 1830, 
Mr. Everett received two hundred votes, and his opponent, Mr. 
James Russell, fifty-seven. After representing this Congressional 
District for five successive terras, (ten years,) Mr. Everett re- 
tired from the field " with all the honors." 

Our first post-master was Mr. Jonathan C. Morrill, who had 
been appointed previously to the incorporation of the young 
town ; and the post-ofiice was located at the corner of Central 
and William Streets. Captain William Wyman superseded Mr. 
Morrill in 1829, when the post-office was removed to the site 
of the present City Hall. As successive administrations came 
into power at Washington, different post-masters, of different 
party affiliations, were appointed. Mr. Wyman was succeeded 
by Mr. Eli23halet Case, who removed the office from the City 
Hall to its present location ; Mr. Case by Mr. Jacob Robbins ; 
Mr. Robbins by Mr. S. S. Seavy ; Mr. Seavy by Mr. Alfred 
Gilman ; Mr. Gilman by Mr T. P. Goodhue ; Mr. Goodhue by 
Mr. F. A. Hildreth, the present incumbent. 

During the same year that the town was incorporated, the 
Baptists, the Universalists, and the Orthodox-Congregationalists, 
— disrelishing " the pure milk of the word," as dispensed by the 
rector of the Protestant Episcopal church, — organized separate 
societies by themselves ; and their example was imitated by the 
Methodists in the follovring year. 

The years, 1827 and 1828, were marked by extreme depres- 
sion in all the commercial and manufacturing circles of the coun- 
try. Trade, " the calm health of nations," which had previously 
been conducted in the wildest spirit of speculation, now strug- 
gled vainly with volcanic throes against the mighty tide of 
reaction. Universal bankruptcy ensued ; all confidence expired ; 
the disorganization in business was complete ; and a thick veil 
of gloom obscured the sky of the future. Lowell was enveloped 







HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



GIT^S' DHj^LL 




CLOIHING k FURiSHfflG STORE. 1 




OILMAN & WORCESTER, 
No. 156 (CITY HALL BUILDING,) Merrimack Street, 



ins.Ax:.ji:xts jt/v 



Cloths, Clothing, and Furnishing Goods; 

HATS, GAPS, AND UMBRELLAS; 

GLOVES. HOSIERY. AND SUSPENDERS; 

€>uASjb«» uHJi» viiiw, £li}£,J;€), «iubK-§ &xIS© i 
SPURTS, COLLARS, AND BOSOMS ; 

Dress, Frock, Sack, and Over Coats, Pants and Vests 
3VE.A.X3X: TO oxi.z3je;x% 

And warranted to Fit. 



C^ [ITThe assortment of Cloths, Doeskins, and Vestjngs at this Establisli- 
N>^ ment will always be of the finest quality and of the latest patterns. 



^^^^c^^S^^-'-'-'-^-'-'-'-g-'-'---'-'-'-'-^-'-'^^ 




86 HISTORY OF LOWELL 

in the common cloud. Mr. Hurd, the satinet manufacturer, be- 
came bankrupt ; most branches of business were at a stand-still ; 
but the two corporations — the Merrimac and the Hamilton — kept 
on in the even tenor of their way, too strong to be crushed. 

Scarcely had this cloud broke, when, in 1831, the rage for 
speculation in Eastern lands spread through New England, like 
a moral pestilence, and held unlimited sway during several years. 
Lands were purchased at most ruinous prices, until credit was ex- 
hausted, and there remained no more money to buy. When, at 
length, the bubble burst, thousands of these speculators were 
ruined, and another brief era of bankruptcy ensued. When the 
commercial history of this country shall be written, it will be 
found to present a constant series of alternate periods of wild 
speculation, and periods of bankruptcy . When business has been 
good, credits have been extended too far ; and a general reaction 
has ensued. But the elastic spirit of our people, and their recu- 
perative energy, have always in the eu 1 brought them safely 
through the fire, with scarcely the smell of the smoke upon their 
garments. 

In spite of all this, however, Lowell still advanced, augmenting 
her population at the rate of one thousand souls, and her valua- 
tion-table, many thousand dollars, every year. Two new manu- 
facturing companies were incorporated in 1828 : the Appleton, 
with a capital of six hundred thousand dollars ; and the Lowell, 
with a capital of nine hundred thousand. It was in the mills of 
the Appleton Company, that [Eoyden's famous turbine water- 
wheels were first used with success. The Lowell Company's 
mills are the only mills in the world, where power-looms have 
been introduced for the weaving of woollen carpets. These looms 
were invented by E. B. Bigelow, Esquire, and rank among the 
most wonderful triumphs of mechanical genius that the world has 
yet witnessed. The business facilities of the place were much 
increased during the same year, by the establishment of the 
Lowell Bank, with a capital of two hundred thousand dollars. (^ 

It had been the purpose of Mr. Jackson to retire from the ^ 
active business of life, as soon as the mills of the Merrimac Com- Q 
pany had got under weigh. He therefore resigned his agentship ^ ^ 

;^^s — ~~ s^^S 







HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 




WILLIAM E. LIVINGSTON, 



DEALBa IN 



LUMBER, GOAL, WOOD, LIME, 

GEMEFT, PLASTER, 



1 



BRICKS, mi GRAIN, FLOUR J 



THORNDIKE STREET, 

OPPOSITE BOSTON FREIGHT DEPOT, 

BURIAL CASES. Ac. 



•) 



The Subscriber keeps at his Store, 



112 Central St., Lowell, (3d Door South of HHrd St.,) 

COFFINS OF EVERY SIZE AND VARIETY, 

And Grave Clothes of all Sizes and Qualities. 

CoffI(] 2\^ie$ f i|i*r)i§i)65 qi]5 Eocji'^beS ^i §i]oH Notice. 

Orders left at his house. No. 1 Loudon Court, near Tyler St., 
promptly attended to, day or night. 

FISKS^ 
METALLIC 




BURIAL 

^^Jm CASES, 



KEPT CONSTANTLY ON HAND. 

3 S. N. PROCTOR. 



\^ 



of the mills at "Waltbam, and merely retained a directorship in 
that company, and one in the Merrimac Company also. But bis 
active brain was not made for rest. No sooner did he attempt to 
play the retired gentleman, than his health failed. Wisely de- 
termining to " wear out rather than rust out," he now accepted 
the offices of agent and treasurer for the Appleton Company ; and 
during his connection with that company, — indeed, during bis 
whole life, — he was universally reverenced as the founder and 
guardian-genius of the place. 

On the fourth of July, 1828, the citizens of Lowell honored, 
with appropriate observances, the anniversary of our National 
Independence, Over the concourse of his fellow-townsmen, Mr. 
Boott presided, and Dr. Elisha Bartlett delivered an oration. 
The oration was published, in extenso, in the Lowell Journal of 
that year ; and for general ability, appropriateness, correct taste, 
and freedom from the cant and frotli which commonly abound in 
Fourth-of-July orations, this production has seldom been surpassed. 

The Fire Department of Lowell was established in 1829. In 
the same year, the late Mr. William Livingston established him- 
self in the coal-and-wood trade, at the wharf built for him by 5Ir. 
Nehemiah Wright, where the same business is still carried on by 
Wra. E. Livingston & Co. When Mr. Livingston commenced 
this business, he was in humble circumstances, drove his own 
team, and was his own clerk. Yet when he died, in March, 1855, 
he left an estate worth, above all his liabilities, over two hundred 
thousand dollars — the accumulation of an active and useful life. 

The fourth of July, 1829, was celebrated in Lowell, by an 
oration by Dr. Israel Hildreth, of Dracutt, a collation, and a dis- 
play of fire-works in the evening. In the same year, the Legis- 
lature appropriated two hundred and fifty dollars for a survey of 
the Boston and Lowell Railroad, and appointed a surveyor for 
that purpose. The growth of the place had been such that the 
necessity of some means of communication between Boston and 
Lowell, superior to stages or wagons, had already been pressingly 
felt by the community. 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 89 




|ll|l|||i|ll|||i |iT'i|lli' '|l|||l|j|||il||!j,ri)iri"i I Tl"l' "^""'^^^^^^^^^^^^ 

(successor to ephhaim brown,) 
DEALER|IN 

!,(]iM,(lLA88, 

PLATED AND WOODEN WARE. 



Cutlery, Lamps, Burning Fluid, &c. 

Also, a large assortment of 
FOR MANTLE, TABLE, PIANO FORTE, AND PARLOR ORNAMENTS. 

Of Various Shapes, Sizes, Patterns and Prices, Bought directly of the 
Manufacturer in England. 

Together with numerous other articles, comprising the Largest and 
Richest Stock of Goods ever offered in Lowell. 



miseheepers, and all anticipating Housekeeping, are in- 
vited to call and examine this Stock of Goods before purchasing 
elsewhere. 

H. S. HAYNES, 
^^ 45 Merrimack Street, Lowell. 





Tlie Boston and Lowell Railroad. 




It was in 1830, that Mr. Jackson, that second Hercules, un- 
dertook the Cyclopean work of the Boston and Lowell Railroad 

the first establishment of the kind in the United States. The 

line for a macadamized road had already been surveyed, when 
this road was projected ; and it was a part of the original plan to 
have the cars drawn by horses. But just " in the nick of time," 
the intelligence of Mr. Stephenson's brilliant success in his ex- 
periment with locomotive steam engines on the Liverpool and 
Manchester Railroad, reached the ever-open ears of Mr. Jackson, 
and convinced him that a similar railroad might be established 
here also. He corresponded with the best inventors and mechan- 
ics of England, availed himself of their valuable suggestions, 
and in five years the work was successfully completed. 

As a matter of course, all the incorrigible fogies of the country 
pronounced the project of a railroad with cars propelled by steam, 
to be radical, wild and visionary. Mr. Jackson was again the 
lauf'hing-stock of all the ridiculing Mrs. Grundys within many 
miles on either side of this " castle-in-the-air railroad." The 
stockholders complained of the repeated and enormous assessments 
which he imposed upon them, without any prospect, as these 
timid creatures thought, of any future dividends. Probably no 
other man then living, could have sustained himself against an 
opposition so powerful and so various. But the iron mind of 
that truly great man, — true to itself as the needle to the pole, — 
overcame every obstacle, and pressed right onward to the goal. 

How much the actual cost of this first American railroad ex- 
ceeded all previous calculations, one fact will sufficiently indicate. 
In 1831, a Committee of the Stockholders estimated the whole 
cost at four hundred and fifty thousand dollars ; but out of the 
exhuberant liberality of their generous hearts, they advised that 
six hundred thousand dollars be raised for that work ; so that 
Mr. Jackson might have means " enough and to spare." But 
when, in 1835, the road had been completed, the actual cost was 



^^ UAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 91 

I MOSES KELLEY, 

DEALER IN 

BEEF, PORK, 



m^ 



^ 










^ 



POULTRY, YEGETABLES,&c. 



12<=m; 



Merrimack Street, 



L O ^^E LXi 



GOOBS BELIYEREB 

TO ANY PART OP THB CITY ^i 




HISTORY OF LOWELL 



found to have been eighteen hundred thousand dollars ! or three 
times the cost of the Middlesex Canal, and three times the cost 
estimated in 1831 ! The old proverb.. " figures won't lie," was 
thereupon pronounced a consummate falsehood by the stockhold- 
ers who had now been so heavily assessed. 




Events between 1830 and 1836. 

In 1830, our population had increased to six thousand four 
hundred and seventy-seven souls ; the principal streets of the 
present city had been laid out ; and the once rural hamlet had 
begun to wear a decidedly urban aspect. The Middlesex, Suf- 
folk, Treraont, and Lawrence companies were incorporated, and 
the Suffulk and Western canals cut, during the year above named. 
The Town Hall was also built the same year. 

St. Patrick's church was built in 1831 ; and the first Unitarian 
church in 1882, at a cost of thirty-two thousand dollars. Fur- 
ther business facilities were aSijrded in 1831, by the establishment 
of the Eailrond Bank, with a capital of six hundred thousand 
dollars. The business operations of the place were extended in 
1832 by the establishment of the Lowell Eleachery. 

It was in the same year that Mr. W. B. Park, of Boston, 
purchased the flannel mills in Bolvidore, of Mr. John Nesniith, 
who, as we have previously seen, had purchased these premises df 
Mr. Harrison How. Mr. Park divided most of the lands adjoin- 
ing into convenient lots, and sold them at an enhanced price to a 
number of individual purchasers. Without observing too rigid 
an adherence to the order of chronology, we will here give the 
remaining history of these mills. In 1834, Messrs. Eliphalet 
Barber, Walter Farnsworth, and George Hill, of Boston, pur- 
chased these mills of Mr. Park, and carried on the business 
until 1851, as the Belvidere Flannel Manufacturing Com- 
pany. They also extended their business by the purchase of the 
stone mill, which had before been owned by the Whitney Mills 



^ 





UAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 93 

DAILY EVENING ADVERTISER 



(JBstablisbed 1835.) 

CHARLES HUNT, PUBLISHER, 

ice, No. 48 Cesfral Street, - - - - Lowell, Mass. 



This is the only PENNY PAPER published in Lowell, or in Middlesex 
County. Its circulation is confined to no clique or party. The low price at 
which it is sold, introduces it among all classes of readers. Taking this fact 
into consideration, it will be seen that it furnishes to the business community 
an advertising medium far superior to that of any other newspaper published 
in Lowell, while as a chronicle of the 7ieios of the day, it is fully up to the 
wants of an intelligent reading community, 



Terms per year, 
Single €opieS) 



$3 00. 
One Cent. 



LOWELL PATRIOT AND REPUBLICAN. 

1 his is a large sized Weekly Newspaper, published at the same ofRce, in 
connection with the Advertiser, and is extensively circulated throughout the 
county. Published every Friday. 

Terms, per year, $1 50, 



^ 



''a 'ta ''ifi ''111 



^ 



Connected with the Advertiser and Patriot Office is one of the oldest and best 

JOB PRINTING ESTABLISHMENTS 

in the State. The facilities for the rapid and cheap execution of all kinds of 

Bool^j Plain and Ornamental Printing 



^ . are not surpassed by any other office. 
^ Lowell, July 8, 1856. 

1 




p^^5 — 



94 



HISTORY OF LOWELL; 




Company. Messrs. Charles Stott and Walter Farnsworth now 
bought out the company's interest, and carried on these mills on 
their own account : but their business was soon impeded by fire. 
The stone mill was burned in 1851, and the other mill in the year 
following. In 1853, under an old charter granted to W. B. 
Park in 1834, the Bclvidere Woollen Manufacturing Company 
was organized, — Messrs. Stott and Farnsworth conveying one- 
third of their interest to the new company. A large brick mill, 
— still in successful operation, — was built in the same year. The 
capital of this company is fifty thousand dollars. 

Education was much promoted in 1833, by the institution of 
the North and South Grammar Schools. In the same year, the 
Police Court was established — being the first local court perma- 
nently established here, since Major General Daniel Gookin 
played the part of judge, assisted by the Apostle Eliot and 
the Christian Indian Chiefs. The Justice of the new court was 
Hon. Joseph Locke 

The bounds of the city were considerably extended in 1834, 
by the annexation of Belvidere ; and the same year gave birth 
to that untiring champion of Democracy, the Lowell Advertiser. 

The Boott Company was incorporated in 1835, with a capital 
of twelve hundred thousand dollars ; and the Boott Canal, which 
supplied their mills with water-power, was opened in the same 
year. The facilities for communication with the interior country, 
were promoted by the incorporation of the Nashua and Lowell 
Kailroad Company during the year just mentioned, with a capi- 
tal stock of six hundred thousand dollars. The Alms House 
was now established for the benefit of the poor. The substantial 
Hall of the Middlesex Mechanics' Association was also erected 
in 1835, chiefly by contributions from the various companies of 
the town. 








^'^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS-. 95 

I r ¥. LEONARD. 



DEALER IN 



CONFECTIONERY AND CAKE, 

No. 130 Merrimack Street, 



MEALS FUMISHED AT ALL HOURS OF THE DAY. 



Particular attention given to the manufacture of 

Ice Creams, Jellies, Wedding "and. Other Cakes. 
I*arties :E»vi.i>;E>li®ca. -vc^itlx Oysters, 

Scalloped, Stewed or Raw — on the most liberal terms. 



JAMES H. RAND 
1 



im. 



Oflace over Prescott Bank, 

Oexx'tirA'l Stx*oet, Xjoi^relX* SVE^'SS. 



r> E S I GUT s 



MADE FOR 



PUBLIC OR PRIMTE BUILDINGS, 




Gen. Jackson's Visit. 

The first PresiJential visit to Lowell was made by General 
Jackson in June, 1833, when Vice President Van Buren and 
Hon. Levi Woodbury, with other members of the Cabinet ac- 
companied him. On the day*h«t-the President came, all the 
lady-operatives turned out to meet him. They walked in pro- 
cession, like troops of liveried angels clothed in white, with can- 
nons booming, drums beating, banners flying, handkerchiefs 
waving, and nine times nine hearty cheers of welcome. The old 
hero was not more moved by the bullets that whistled around him 
in the battle of New Orleans, than by the exhilerating spectacle 
here presented. He seemed to enter Lowell, as Scipio, after the 
defeat of Hannibal, entered Rome, or as Napoleon, after the 
treaty of Campo Formio, entered Paris. Beholding so many forms 
of beauty, he turned to a friend privately, and whispered with 
more emphasis than elegance, — " These are very pretty women, 
by the Eternal !" The usual ceremonies of civility were observed 
towards the President, — who seemed highly gratified with " what 
be saw, and what he was." 



Lowell as a City. 



The community now began to be agitated by discussions on 
the subject of procuring a city charter ; and a strong party in 
favor of a city government was soon formed. The Committee of 
the townsmen, appointed to consider the expediency of petition- 
ing for the establishment of a city government, in their report, i^ 
complain of the town system on account of " the want of execu- ^^ 
tive power, and the loose and irresponsible manner in which c^ 
money for municipal purposes is granted and expended." In rS. 








HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



97 



OTIS L. ALLENj 



DEALER IN 



Ladies' Boots, Shoes, and Rubbers, 

COMBS, HAIE WORK, BRUSHES, PANS, 
Parasols, Umbrellas, Fancy Toys, &c. 

ALSO, MANUFACTUEEB OF 

Trunks, Valises, and Carpet Bags. 

immt, nmmiim, m® mmsdii 

REPAIRED AND NEW COVERED. 
Opposite Kirk Street, LOWELL. 




Importer and Dealer, 

3 IVLGrrriTJO-st^Gls. Street, Ijox^ell. 




view of " the number of our inhabitants, — their dissimilar habits, ^^ 
manners and pursuits, — the rapid and progressive increase of our ^f- 
population, — the variety of interest, and the constant changes \s 
which are taking place," — the committee think that " it is expe- 
dient to establish a city government, and that tlie town petition 
the Legislature" for that purpose. The charter was granted, 
and the first city government inaugurated in 1836. 

At this time, Lowell contained seventeen thousand six hundred 
and thirty-three inhabitants ; and the opinion was then expressed, 
that, in ten years, it would contain thirty-two thousand, and in 
twenty years, two hundred and fifty-six thousand souls ! Whether 
the author of this prediction was bled after writing this visionary 
prediction, is unknown ; but his condition of health may safely 
be presumed to have been criticf^l. 



The First Mayor. 

The canvas preceding the election of the first mayor, was dis- 
tinguished by extraordinary excitement. An eye-witness, — Dr. 
Huntington, in his recently published address before the Middle- 
sex North District Medical Society, on the life, character and 
writings of Dr. Bartlett, — well observes that "political parties 
were nearly equally balanced, and political feeling was at fever 
beat. Each party was desirous of the honor of inaugurating the 
young municipality." Each party nominated its most available 
candidate. The Whigs concentrated their strength on Dr. Elisha 
Bartlett ; and, with his name inscribed upon their banner, they 
felt strong and well-grounded assurances of victory. The unter- 
rified Democracy, nothing alarmed by the action of their Whig 
friends, nominated Eliphalet Case, Esquire, determined to elect f'^ 
him, whether he received the requisite number of votes or not. ^^ 
Mr. Case had been the first pastor of the first Universalist Church, cN 
but had ceased to beat " the drum ecclesiastic," and had addicted ^fj 



^"^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



Ij O "ViT E Xi Ij 



Steam and Gas Pipe 




9 

NO. 8 CENTRyiL STREET, 

LOWELL, MASS., 

WHOLESALE AND KETAIL DEALERS IN 

WROUGHT IROF JPIPES, 

Of all sizes, for Steam, Gas, and Water. 

STEAM VALVES OF ALL SIZES, STEAM WHISTLES, AND GUAGES, 
FORCE PUMPS, &c., 

Heaters and Steam Condensers, 

And all Fixtures connected with 

STEAM, GAS, AND WATER. 

We would respectfully invite the public to call and examine our large and 
splendid assortment of 

Chandeliers, Brackets, Pendants, and Drop Liglits, Glass and Paper Shades, 

of the most desirable patterns. 

All of the above articles we offer at as low rates as they can be furnished by 
any House in the country. We also hold ourselves in readiness at all times, 
to contract for Heating with Steam or Lighting with Gas, Houses, Factories, 
Stores, Churches, Public Buildings, Hospitals, &c. We also put up an ap- 
paratus for Heating Private Dwellings with Steam, on a perfectly safe and 

i) / economical plan, requiring less fuel and care than the common furnace, and 

m? not liable to get out of order. 

^? All work done by the above Company is warranted to give entire satisfaction. 

^ HORACE R. BARKER, Agent. 





himself, con amore, to the desperate game of politics. He was 
the most adroit political manager that had appeared in these 
regions since the days of that other ex-priest, the Indian sachem, 
Passaconaway. 

The Whigs triumphed. Dr. Bartlett received nine hundred 
and fifty-eight votes ; Mr. Case, eight hundred and sixty-eight ; 
Mr. 0. M. Whipple, seventeen ; John Dummer, two. Dr. Bart- 
lett was inaugurated as first Mayor, and, at the period of his term 
of office, was reelected to the same distinguished post. He was 
highly popular as Mayor ; but on the expiration of his second 
term, he positively " declined all further service in this line." 
Although, — adopting the ancient maxim, to write no man's eulogy 
while living, — we cannot say much of the other gentlemen who 
have filled the mayorship of this city ; yet, now that Dr. Bartlett 
is dead, a brief notice of his life will not be out of place. 

Dr. Bartlett was born in Smithfiold, in Rhode Island, in 1804. 
His parents were Quakers, and early indoctrinated him in the 
peculiar tenets of their sect. But in after life, the doctor " fell 
away" from Quakerism, and joined one of " the churches of the 
world." He received an academical education, partly in his 
native town, partly in Uxbridge in this State, and partly in New 
York at a Friends' Institution, under the charge of the celebrated 
preceptor, Jacob Willett. He thus acquired a good liberal edu- 
cation, without having, as the phrase is, " rubbed his back against 
the walls of a college." He studied medicine under Dr. Willard 
of Uxbridge, and other distinguished gentlemen among the disci- 
ples of Esculapius. He also attended medical lectures in Boston 
and Providence, and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine 
from Brown University in 1826. His preparation for profes- 
sional life was finished in Paris, where he spent one year. He 
commenced practice here in 1827, and soon rose to the front rank 
of his profession. 

Besides filling the mayorship during two years, he represented 
Lowell in the State Legislature in 1840. He held medical pro- 
fessorships in Pittsfield, Dartmouth, Baltimore, Transylvania, 
Louisville and Woodstock. He also held a professorship for 
three years in the college of physicians and surgeons in the city 




\SS 



— <s^^^^ 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 101 

^^ dFORtsmen's warehouse, 

No, 20 Central Street, Nearly Opposite the Post Office. 




JOSEPH HARDING, 

MANUFACTURER AND DEALER IN 

RIFLES, DOUBLEXSiGLE FOWLING GUNS, 

PISTOLS or ALL KINDS, 

SPORTING APPARATUS. 






T 



POWDER AND SHOT, PERCUSSION CAPS, CUTLERY, 

Or any of the minor articles kept on sale in stores of this kind, 

can be accommodated to them on terms as reasonable as at any 

other place in New England. 

Manufactured and Repaired as heretofore. 

EVERY DESCRIPTION OF JOBBING EXECUTED WITH NEATNESS AND DESPATCH. 

^. The public are respectfully invited to examine his stock, and 
"^ are assured that all orders shall be satisfactorily returned. 




yi 




^(^%S>~ 




o 



102 HISTORY OF LOWELL: 

^ of New York. He was the author of a variety of professional and 
miscellaneous works, and was one of the few who love to turn aside 
w from the thorny road of professional practice, to tread the flowery 
paths of literature. His principal work is on the " Philosophy of 
Medical Science." He died in 1855. A man of fine culture, — 
of incorruptible integrity, — with a clear head and h warm heart, 
— filling with distinguished credit some of the highest places of his 
profession, — and never playing the part of a demagogue ; — Lowell 
may cherish with peculiar pride the name and memory of her first 
Mayor. . 



Events between 1836 and 1840. 

In 1836, Mr. P. 0. Kichmond, who had for two years pre- 
viously been engaged in manufacturing batting, near what are 
known as " Stott's Mills," established himself at Massic Falls, 
where he experienced distinguished success in that business. 
When he began manufacturing operations in Lowell in 1834, he 
was destitute of means to carry on his business, and borrowed 
five hundred dollars from a friend, with which he bought and 
started a few old carding machines. When he died in 1854, he 
left to his heirs over one hundred and twenty-five thousand dol- 
lars, above all his liabilities. When, on one occasion, an engine 
company visited this city, some of our citizens made an effort to 
receive them in due style, and the expenses were defrayed by 
voluntary contributions. On being asked to contribute, Mr. 
Richmond replied that he would contribute ono dollar, provided 
the applicant would " take pay in bats ;" which he did. This 
incident illustrates the policy by which Mr. Richmond amassed 
so much wealth. 

In 1837, the Market House was built, and regular terms of (p 
the higher courts established for Lowell. S^ 

A commodious county jail, on the modern plan of separate ^ 
cells, was erected in Lowell in 1838 : and in the same year, the Q^ 




-^^^ 



\(^ HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 103 



mm 



PRIUS, AMNDES & COMPANY, 

Nos. 1 and 3 Appleton Block, 

Central Street, 

Invite the attention of Merchants and Citizens of Lowell and vi- 
cinity to their large stock of 






Liquors, Teas, Coffees, 

ALL OFMIW 

And being connected with extensive Mercantile Houses in various 
parts of the world, we possess every facility in our line of busi- 
ness. We offer to Merchants. and Traders 

THE BEST aOOIDS 



TUB XiO^^TsTEST I'l^IOES. 

BUSINESS HOURS FROM 9 A. M. TO 5 P. M. 

f^ PRIDS, ARANDES & CO. 





104 



HISTORY OF LOWELL; 






Nashua and Lowell Railroad was opened for travel and the trans- 
portation of freight. 

in 1839, the Massachusetts Cotton Mills were incorporated, 
with a capital of twelve hundred thousand dollars, since increased 
by the addition of the Prescott Mills to eighteen hundred thou- 
sand dollars. The Whitney Mills were also incorporated during 
this year. They manufactured blankets for some years in a stone 
mill in Belvidere, and finally sold their works to the Belvidere 
Flannel Manufacturing Company. In the same year, Messrs. 
Talbot & Co. commenced the business of manufacturing dye- 
stuffs and chemicals, in Lowell and Billerica. This business was 
small in its beginning, but it has gradually swelled to the amount 
of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars a year. 

In the same year, (1839,) the manufacturing companies pur- 
chased the large and elegant mansion house of Mr. Boott, and 
devoted it to tho use of the sick in their employ. The situation 
of the Lowell Hospital, near Pawtucket Falls, is beautiful, retired 
and commanding. The buildings are surrounded by trees, shrub- 
bery and climbing vines. As that good man, Thomas H. Perkins, 
— tho early patron and life-long friend of the great Webster, — 
gave his private residence as an asylum for the blind, — how well 
would Mr. Boott, were he now among the living, approve of 
this appropriation of his house as a hospital for the sick opera- 
tives of these mills ! This Hospital, ever since its establishment, 
has been under the medical superintendance of one of the ablest 
physidans and surgeons in the country — Dr. Gilman Kimball. 
The best accommodations, the most attentive nurses, and the 
highest medical skill, are here provided for the sick and homeless 
operative, — at an expense but little exceeding the cost of board, 
to those who have means, — and gratuitously to those who have 
not. 



^/ 



^^^ ■ 




I. D. W^ O O D, 



DEALER IN 



Imported and Doffiestic Cigars, and Tobaccos, 

OF THE VARIOUS BRANDS. 

Cigar Cases, Holders, Pipes, Snuff, Snnff Boxes of all kinds, 

No. 31 Central Street, Lowell, Mass. 

CITY UWDEHTAKEPi, 

No. 13 Middle Street, 

Eesideace 159 Central Street. LOWELL.. 

Coffins and Grave Clotlies, of cverj' description, on hand, and furnislied at short notice. 



No, 70 Central Street, (WILLIAMS' BLOCK,) Lowell. 

Persons wishing his services will be well rewarded by giving him a call, as 
the best of workmen only are kept at his shop. 

Particular attention paid to Cutting and Dressing Ladies' and Children's 
Hair. 

N. B. — A constant' supply of Hair Oils, Razors, Strops, Shaving Soaps, 
Perfumery, &c. 

[CFRemember Jenkinson's Hair Tonic, — a universally .approved arti- 
cle to beautify and preserve the Hair. Price 20 and 37 1-2 cents. 



sa.m:uel stone, 

DKAIiER IN 

LADIES', GENT'S, IVIISSES'. AND CHILDREN'S 

BOOTS, SHOES, AND RUBBERS. 

^ Manufacturer of Trunks, Valises, and Carpet Bags 

^ No. 92 Central Street, Lowell. 




^^'^^^^5^-— — — — — — — — — — — (^^!^^^^ 



ICG HISTORY OP LOWELL: 



Death of Mr. Jackson. 

When Mr. Patrick T. Jackson had completed the Boston and 
Lowell Railroad in 1835, he felt that his longest day's task was 
now done, and again became disposed to retire from the active 
circles of business. But a dark cloud settled down over this 
venerable man. While building up works for future generations, 
his property, which he had so hardly earned, passed from his 
hands. " Speculation" had made him, for the third time in his 
life, a poor man. But his noble mind was not to be distracted 
even now. With a dignified composure which would have done 
honor to Socrates, he met his reverses like a philosopher. He 
at once retrenched his expenses, which had previously been enor- 
mous and princely ; resumed his harness with a cheerful spirit, 
and again went forth to the stern conflict of life. Under circum- 
stances like these, ordinary life becomes a poem, and daily labor 
a triumph of heroism. 

Mr. Boott, as we have already seen, died in 1837 ; and in his 
death Lowell lost one of her best and most meritorious men. As 
soon as it was remembered that Mr. Boott was no longer at the 
head of the Locks and Canals Company, their stock seriously de- 
preciated in value. The death of Mr. Boott had created a vacan- 
cy which only one man living could fill ; and that man was Mr. 
Jackson. He accepted the agentship with the princely salary of 
ten thousand dollars a year. His whole life had been one long 
school-term, eminently fitting him for this responsible post. How 
well he filled it, will be known by the fact, that the stock of the 
company, when the reorganization in 1845 occurred, commanded 
sixteen hundred dollars a share, and that the same stock, after 
the death of Mr. Boott, commanded less than seven hundred 
dollars a share. (o 

Before he closed his connection with the Locks and Canals ^^ 
Company, Mr. Jackson accepted the post of agent and treasurer ^ 
of the Great Falls Manufacturing Company at Somersworth — a Q^ 




■^^^m 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



107 



■v^ .A. I^ I^ E 3sr ' s 
IMPROVED FIRE AND WATER PROOF 





Materials Maniifacturcd by tlic New England Eoofing Company, Boston. 

Your attention is respectfully called to this valuable improvement in the 
method of roofing. It has been fully tested under every variety of circum- 
stances ; and is safely recommended, as combining advantages which can be 
claimed for no other roof. 

During the past two years these roofs have established for themselves in 
New England and the Canadas, a reputation second to none. They have 
been much longer in use in the Middle and Western States, and testimonials 
from various parts of the Union admit their superiority over all others. 

They have been used upon dwelling houses of the first class, warehouses 
railroad depots, freight and car houses, manufactories and bridges, and have 
been pronounced by architects, builders, and others, who have a knowledge 
of their merits, to be of great durability, and to be possessed of fire and water 
resisting properties, to an extent beyond that of any roof now in use. 

These roofs require an inclination of only one inch to the foot. They can 
be used for a promenade, and for drying purposes, and are made available in 
case oi fire to adjoining buildings. 

The materials of which these roofs are composed are not affected by changes 
of temperature. 

They will not expand and contract with heat and cold, like roofs of tin and 
iron. 

The COST is much less than that of any fire proof roof now in use. 

These roofs are not affected by the jar of machinery. 

In case of injury, no roof is so easily or quickly repaired. 

Orders for roofing will receive prompt attention, by addressing 

ABNER KITTREDGE, 

No. 22 Middle Street, Lowell. 






For Mending Leaks in Boats, Eoofs of Buildings, &c. 
PAINTS, OIL AND ¥INDO¥ GLASS AT RETAIL. 

DOOR PLATES PAINTED. 
HOUSE, SIGN, AND FANCY PAINTING AND GLAZING. 

TAR, ROSIN, AND PITCH FOR SALE. 

ABNER KITTREDGE, 

No. 22 Middle Stkeet, Lowell. 




108 




HISTORY OP LOWELL 




corporation which had encountered so many reverses, that a man 
of Mr. Jackson's stamp was absolutely necessary to their final 
success. He put their affairs in such admirable condition, that 
his share of their profits amounted to about twelve thousand dol- 
lars a year. This was in addition to the salary' of ten thousand 
dollars a year, paid him by the Locks and Canals Company. 
During a portion of the time he received other salaries besides. 
His aggregate income was truly enormous ; — he was soon restored 
to competence ; — but when we consider the extraordinary charac- 
ter of the man, and the prestige of success which attended him in 
all his undertakings, we shall find that he was actually the cheap- 
est man that could be hired. No such salaries are now paid ; no 
such men are to be found ; and, indeed, none are in demand. 

This remarkable man died at Beverly in September, 1847. It 
was not known in Boston even that he had been sick, until the 
news of his death fell, like the tones of a " fire-bell in the night," 
upon the unwilling ears of a community, every member of which 
regarded his death as a personal bereavement. Had Mont 
Blanc suddenly sunk to the level of the sea, the vacuum created 
among the Alps, could scarcely have been greater than that 
caused among manufacturers by the death of Jackson. He had 
towered above them " like a Colossus ;" and 

" None but himself could be his parallel." 

His abilities fitted him for the highest theatre of human action. 
He could have governed the vastest empire with unsurpassed 
splendor, had Providence called him to a throne. If not a " mute, 
inglorious Milton," then certainly a " Cromwell, guiltless of his 
country's blood," lies buried in the tomb of Jackson. To un- 
limited grasp of mind, he united the capacity to master the most 
complicated details, together with spotless integrity, unconquera- 
ble self reliance, " honor enlightened by religion and guarded by 
conscience,", independence in all his own opinions, ar da catholic 
liberality towards the views of his opponents. The man never 
lived that more richly deserved to be sculptured in marble, or de- 
picted upon canvas, delineated by an orator, or eulogized by a 
poet. 




HAND-BOOK OF IT3 BUSINESS. 109 



£ 



tjhLixa 



MANUFACTURER AND AVHOLESALE DEALER IN 




WIRE CLOTHS & WETTING, 



Foundry Riddles, Rocking Coal Sifters, Sand 

and Coal Screens, Corn Parchers, Rat and 

Mouse Traps, Steak Broilers, Meal 

Sieves, Bird Nests, Squirrel Cages, 

Pie Forks, Wire Skimmers, Egg 

Beaters, Canary, Hemp, 

Rape and Maw Seed, 

Cuttle Fish Bone. 

C0^ptr Ml §xm\mM Mm&0lu B\^k$, 

PAINTED TO ANY DESIGN. 

IviLA^IDB TO ORIDEIi. 



Also, constantly on hand a full assortment of Iron Wire, for Machinery 

and other purposes, of the best quality and at prices 

that will defy competition. 




Hon. Luther Lawrence. 

The successor of Dr. Bartlett, in the mayorship, was Hon. 
Luther Lawrence, a brother to Abbott, Amos, William and 
Samuel Lawrence. He was born in Groton, the home of the 
Lawrence family, in 1778 ; and his father, Samuel, as is well 
known, participated bravely in the war of the Revolution. He 
was educated in the public schools of Groton ; and graduated at 
Harvard in 1801. He studied law with Hon. Timothy Bigelow, 
whose sister he afterwards married. He commenced practice in 
Groton, and soon gathered around him a host of valuable clients. 
He repeatedly represented his native town in the Legislature, and 
was Speaker of the House of Representatives in 1821 and 1822, 
At the earnest solicitation of his brothers, who had largely invested 
in the mills here, he removed to Lowell in 1831. 

He filled the mayorship to the general satisfaction of his con- 
stituents, and was reelected to that office in the following year. 
But be hardly lived to begin his second term. On the seven- 
teenth day of April, 1839, while making observations in one of 
the Middlesex Mills, he made a mis-step, and fell a distance of 
seventeen feet into the wheel-pit, — his head striking upon the 
wheel at the bottom. His skull was so badly fractured, that 
he died within thirty minutes. 

This shocking catastrophe filled the whole community with 
mourning ; and preparations were made for a grand public funeral ; 
but this, the family of Mr. Lawrence modestly declined. Appro- 
priate resolutions were passed in the City Council, bearing testi- 
mony to his high-minded jind honorable character, — his judicious 
administration of the city government, — his lively interest in the 
various public institutions with which be had been connected, — 
bis unselfishness and liberality, — his efforts to promote the moral 
and religious interests of the place, — his amenity of behavior, 
and kindliness of feeling for all around him. . ^.^ 







HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



PAGE & BECK, 



il^^ 



DEALERS IN ALL BINDS OF 



tf % \°n7 (^n°/ m€ 



e? ^ 1^ 



Ck g- M i0> to> 



^ 



-AND- 




3 



Portable and Brick Hot Air Farnaees, and Cooking 
Baiiges, 

SHEET IRON AND JAPANNED WARE. 

Also on hand a good assortment of 

BRITANNIA AND GLASS WARE, 

ALL KINDS OF TIN, COPPER, AND SHEET IRON WARE, MADE AND REPAIRED 
AT SHORT NOTICE ; AND PARTICULAR ATTENTION PAID TO ALL KINDS OF 

mum %mm mm mmiwi. 

PUMPS FOR SALE AND SET TO ORDER. 

Nos. 265 and 267 Merrimack Street, 



T .ir^-^TtrnTiT m-r ■- 



J. ■^. FA-OE, 



S. BEOEC. 




Hon. Abbott Lawrence. 



Although tlie Lawrences have been identified with the inter- 
ests of Lowell ever since 1821, only two of the brothers — Luther 
and Samuel — ever personally resided here. Yet Lowell has a 
strong local interest in them all. Since the tragic death of Luther, 
two of his brothers — Abbott and Amos — have followed him to 
the eternal world. Samuel is still living; and the admirable 
Diary of Amos, recently published, renders any notice of him 
here wholly superfluous. Amos will go down to posterity as the 
self constituted Grand-Almoner of America. His vast acquisi- 
tions were only so much money put into his hands for purposes of 
benificence and chanty. But it is to Abbott chiefly that this 
family owes its historical position. 

Abbott Lawrence was born in 1792, and educated in the pub- 
lic schools of his native town of Groton. He was always studious 
of standard books, and assiduous in business, — never dissipating 
his time in fashionable circles for the retail of gossip, and always 
prepared to take advantage of those chances which fortune now 
and then opens to every aspiring young man. He was first en" 
gaged with his brothers, in Boston, in the importing business ; 
and in 1821-'22 engaged with others in tho establishment of 
manufactures at Lowell. He rendered sio;nal service in buildina: 
up the cotton manufacture in America on an enduring basis, and 
gave bis name to the rising city next below Lowell on the line of 
the Merrimac. 

He was not by profession a statesman. But he was a promi- 
nent candidate for the Whig nomination for Vice President in 
1848, and narrowly escaped the position which, on tlic death of 
Taylor, made Mr. Fillmore President of tho United States. He 
was offered, and declined, the Secretaryship of the Navy ; but 
accepted the post of Minister to England, and honored both him- 
self and his country by the manner in which he discharged tho 
duties of that highest diplomatic ofiice that can be held by an 



DAGUERREOTlPE m AMBROTTPE 



L^t loji ^ ip^t 1^ Wsi -Pf^-S. ■ft 



No. 88 MERRIMACK STREET, 

UP ONE FLIGHT Of STAIRS, 



These rooms are pleasantly located, easy of access, handsome- 
ly furnished, and well ventilated. The Sky-Light is one of the 
largest, and without douht, the best in the city. The proprietor, 
one of the oldest and most successful operators in the city, at- 
tends pernonally to the making of each picture, and 

Nothing but First Class Work 

is ever allowed to be taken from the room. Citizens and stran- 
gers visiting the city are invited to call and examine. 

FIRST DOOR NORTH OF CANAL BLOCK, 

CENTRAL STREET, 

Where may be found on hand the different kinds of Fresh and Salt Fish, 
MACKEREL, HALIBUT, COD, HADDOCK, &c. Also Fruit and 
Berries, in their season, cheap for cash. 
Lowell, July, 1856. 



City bill poster & distributoe. 

^>- 

Begs leave to inform the citizens of Lowell, and the public genially, that 
since he has become THE Bill Poster and Distributor, it has become one of 
the Institutions. He wishes to say to all concerned that he may be found at 

No- Q7 CENTRAL STREET, UP STAIRS, 

^^ . where he will be happy to serve his friends and the public generally in a 

^ n\ prompt and efficient manner. 

KlJ Lowell, July, 1856. - ' 




114 



HISTORY OP LOWELL: 





American. In politics, he was an inflexible Henry Clay Whig. 
It was to his influence — partly secret, partly open — that Daniel 
Webster attributed the failure of his own repeated plans for pro- 
curing the Whig nomination for the Presidency. Mr. Lawrence 
was the chief mover in the famous Faneuil Hall Convention which, 
in 1842, nominated Mr. Clay for President, — notwithstanding 
Caleb Cushing had declared Mr. Webster to be " first, last and 
forever the choice of Massachusetts" for that ofEco. It was this 
event which extorted from the sage of Marshfield the well-known 
question — " Where shall J goV Mr. Lawrence exerted a con- 
trolling influence over the councils of the late Whig party, when 
that party held undisputed sway, and directed the whole thunder 
of the State ; but his advice was frequently asked, and always 
freely given, to both parties, on the questions of the currency and 
the tariff. 

Nor was Mr. Lawrence a soldier, — though in the hour of dan- 
ger he shouldered the musket, and offered for his country all he 
then had to give — his life ! He was merely a merchant, a man- 
ufacturer, a buyer of other men's wares, a barterer of the fruits 
of his own industry ; and his grand and brilliantly successful life 
proves, — if proof were wanting, — that a calling which is supposed 
to awaken the smallest and meanest feelings of human nature, 
and in which avarice and fraud are often pronounced necessary to 
success, may be so pursued as to develop and ripen the loftiest 
instincts and the noblest impulses of which humanity can boast. 

He was one of the pillars of the old Bay State ; — less promi- 
nent, and less ornamental, perhaps, than some others, — but 
yielding to none in massive solidity and practical usefulness. His 
splendid hospitality attracted to Boston the elite of this country 
and of foreign lands. Yet, moving now at the head of the most 
refined circles of society, he never betrayed snobishness towards 
even the humblest of his race. The beardless beaux, the simper- 
ing belles, the animated clothes-horses, who move at the head of 
the social system of the soi disant fashionable world at large, 
found little encouragement to become his guests. 

Descended from the best Puritan stock, he possessed all tho 
grand qualities of the Cromwellian age, softened somewhat by time. 



HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 



UsFDiljLOUGH'S 





C:?ol-ULm.l3ia,i:x I=*ill 

If you are Sick or Complaining. 

1st, Because their jaithful use cures diseases of the Head, Stomach, Liver, 
Lungs, Nerves, Bowels, Blood, Skin, and Mind, for less cost of money and 
loss of time than any other medicine ever discovered. 

2d, Because there is no mineral substance in their composition, to seize 
hold of the solids of the body, and remain as a corroding and eating poison. 
They are unlike any other Pills. 

3d, Because they are thoroughly tested, and are known to be what they 
are represented. "Just what the sick and complaining need." And their 
use always does good, leaving the Stomach and Bowels healthy and regular. 

4th, Because they are all powerful used in large doses, in cases of alarming 
and sudden sickness, — while in small doses, they are safe to use every day in 
the year, — and a wonderful remedy for Dyspepsia and Costiveness. 

5th, Because they are good in almost every disease for Men, Women, and 
Children — suitable for all climates, and all seasons of the year, cleansing and 
purifying the system.'neutralizing and carrying ofFall poisonous and worn out 
matter, and giving life, health, and beauty to the " human form divine." 

6th, Because, as a Family Medicine, they are deservedly popular, — never 
interfering with the prescription or treatment of your family physician, but 
just what he would give nine out of ten cases ; and for persons traveling they 
are indispensable, especially in new countries and subject to bilious diseases. 

7th, Because, for females, in cases of obstruction, suppression, irregular 
or painful menstruation, or in case of debility and ill health, or in case of 
pregnancy and its thousand, pains, " A friend in need is a friend indeed." 

DR. OLOIJQH'S COLUMBIAN PILLS 

are prepared by Wm. Renne, Piitsfield, Mass. Retail price, 25 cents per 
box, and are not commissioned, but sold for cash. Sent to any part of the 
country by mail or express, with directions for use in English, French, Ger- 
man and Spanish languages. Sold by Druggists and Merchants generally. 

NO. 12 CENTRAL STREET, - 



LOWELL, 



Wholesale and Retail Agent. 





116 HISTORY OP LOWELL: Cj^' 

' ■ Jo^ 



s 



¥ 



and liberalized by culture. He died in August, 1855 ; and as a 
private individual, as a merchant, as a public man, he Las loft „ 
behind him a reputation, which has rarely been equalled, and VS 
scarce ever surpassed. 



The Museum. 

The population of Lowell, until 1840, sustained a very fluc- 
tuating character. Few came here to live ; most of those who 
came, intended only to wait until they could lay by a small sur 
plus from their earnings, and then return to rural pursuits. But 
a favorable change in this respect now announced itself in the 
erection of numerous private residences, some of them distinguished 
for architectural beauty, and many of them of most ample dimen- 
sions. 

Two noble public commons, those lungs of the city, were laid 
out. The South Common covers nearly twenty acres of land ; 
and the North Common is about half that extent. It is to be 
regretted that our city fathers who accomplished so much, did not 
accomplish one^ thing more ; — that they did not secure wider 
public streets, margined with broad spreading shade-trees, like 
the elm-lined avenues of New Haven. The High School was es- 
tablished during the same year, making the educational system of 
the city complete. 

But the chief event of 1840 was the establishment of the BIu- 
seum. Owing to what Mr. Case, in his newspaper sketch of 
Lowellj calls " a firm conviction" in the community, " that mod- 
ern theatres, with their miserable accompaniments, are of a de- 
grading and immoral tendency," all the attempts heretofore made 
for the establishment of a theatre or museum, had failed. The 
Museum was first started in the fourth story of Wyman's Exchange, 
by Mr. Moses Kimball, now of the Boston Museum. The first 
collection of curiosities was procured from Greenwood's old Now 






England Museum in Boston. But the business did not pay. Q_^ 



^ 



UAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 117 

DR. HARMON, 

EDITOR OF THE MEDICAL EXPOSITOR 

OFFICE: 

29 KIRK STREET, - - Lowell, Mass. 



Is Published MontWy, at Fifty Cents per Year. 

It will be found a valuable publication to avoid medical imposition. 
SUBSCRIPTIONS ARE SOLICITED AT THE EDITOR'S OFFICE. 



Dr. H. would not have it misunderstood that he devotes particular atten- 
tion to the examination and treatment of all complaints to which females 
are liable. '1 hose who would avoid the too often fatal consequences of neg- 
lect or delay in availing themselves of proper medical advice, are respect- 
fully invited to a seasonable consultation with him. He trusts he will be 
excused for suggesting here that every female, whatever her station in soci- 
ety, or her scruples in regard to the proper reservations of her sex, should 
nevertheless reflect that no bodily ailment is in^itself so delicate as to form any 
reasonable or justifiable excuse for neglecting to disclose the nature of her 
sufferings to a competent physician. The claims of health naturally have 
precedence to all other temporal considerations, and every suffering female 
who will but do herself justice, may readily be convinced that her paramount 
claims can, not only be appreciated, but successfully answered by that physi- 
cian who receives and deserves her confidence ; and at the same time, his 
services may be rendered in such a manner as will neither offend her moral 
feelings nor violate the laws of that native modesty for which her sex is val- 
ued and loved. Taking this view of the subject, he trusts that no intelligent 
lady will allow herself long to suffer from any ill which, if neglected, may 
not only shorten the pleasures of her own useful life, but may cause her to 
entail suffering and debility on those whom she may love even better than 
herself. 

It is but just to remark that Dr. H.\.emon is the only practitioner iii this 
city professing to give special attention to the treatment of female complaints, 
who is considered competent for this important and very often difficult branch 
of medical practice. 

His Office is at No. 29 Kirk Street, where he has excellent accommodations 
for all who would consult him, without interruption. 

N. B. Rooms and nursing provided for those patients who may wish for 
such accommodations. 



I 





^^'^ — ^^^0^^^% 

118 HISTORY OP LOWELL: ^ 

In 1845, Mr. N. F. Gates purchased the Museum of Mr. Kim- ,C 
ball ; and the removal by him, in 1846, of the Museum into the 
building formerly owned by the First Freewill Baptist Church, 
provoked "strong indignation in Zion." The church was at 
once fitted up for dramatic entertainments ; but so great was the 
opposition to it, that in 1847 the City Council refused to license 
any more exhibitions of this kind. 

A petition, signed by twenty-two hundred legal voters, was 
hereupon presented to the City Council, praying for a renewal of 
the license. A prolix debate on the moral tendency of the drama 
now ensued in the City Council, — not unlike the debate of the 
four Indian chiefs in the case of the brass image which the Apos- 
tle Eliot took from the idolatrous squaw. Hon. Thomas Hop- 
kinson appeared in behalf of the petitioners; while Rev. Messrs. 
Thurston and True argued against the drama " on Bible grounds.'' 
The debate ended by the granting of the license as desired. The 
Museum was incorporated in 1850, with a capital of sixty thou- 
sand dollars ; but it was shortly afterwards destroyed by fire. 
Between 1845 and 1851, it flourished ; but after 1851, it passed 
through various hands, and rapidly declined. In 1853, it was 
again burned. It was, however, subsequently reopened, and 
carried on till the thirtieth day of January, 185<J, when not a 
vestige escaped the third attack of the devouring flames. During 
the period of its prosperity, it found employ for some thirty per- 
sons, and its salaries averaged over three hundred dollars per 
week. Some of the best plays of the ablest dramatists were suc- 
cessfully introduced. The stock-companies were superior to those 
of most country theatres ; — and such " bright particular stars," in 
the Thespian firmament, as Miss Charlotte Cushman, Mrs. G. Bar- 
rett, Mr. and Mrs. J. W. Wallack, Mr. J. B. Booth, Mr. C. D. 
Pitt, Mr. G. Vanderhoff, and Mrs. A. C. Mowatt, appeared upon its 
boards, and played, week after week, to crowded houses of ap- 
plauding patrons. 




HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



I DR. M. E. THOMPSON, 

f DRUGGIST & APOTHECARY, 

] KEEPS CONSTANTLY ON HAND A LARGE ASSORTMENT OF 

I mmo)'^^^ m^mm®?, m^^mm^^ 

I Pressed Oerbs, Pare Mediciiial Extracts, Concentrated 
; Medicines, Tliomsouian and Eclectic Preparations, 
1 Pnre Elderberry Juice and Wine; 

, all of the very best quality, at wholesale or retail, Agent for all the popular 
Patent Medicines of the day. Proprietor of 

The Liver and Humor Pills; 

Dr. Thompson's Eye Salve, Dr. Thompson's Canker 

Powder and Croup Syrup. 
268 Merrrimack Street, j TiLDm°l™T. \ 

SHAVING AND HAIR DRESSING SALOON 

AMERICAN HOUSE BLOCK, CENTRAL STREET, LOWELL. 

All persons requiring the service of a Barber will find it to their advantage 
to call at his establishment. Especial attention given to Cutting Ladies' and 
Children's Hair. Always kept here, an assortment of Hair Dyes, Perfume- 
ries, &c. Also, Jenkinson's Celebrated Hair Tonic, to remove dandruff and 
promote the growth of the Hair. 



IttERRDIACK STREET, Adjoining Merrimack House. 

VERMONT^iFB^SroFfELEGRAPH OFFICE, 

For all parts of the United States and Canadas. 

ALSO, THROUGH TICKETS FOR ALL PARTS OF THE EAST AND WESTERN 
COUNTRIES, BY THE MOST RELIABLE ROUTES. 

Hacks furnished at all times of the Day or Evening. 

C. K. LEWIS, Ageyit. 

Lowell, July, 1856. 




^ 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: 



The Mayors of Lowell. 

On the death of Hon. Luther Lawrence in 1839, Dr. EHsha 
Huntington was elected to the Mayorship, and reelected in 1840 
and 1841. To save the necessity of referring to this subject 
again, we will here relate the remaining history of our municipal 
administrations. Hon. Nathaniel Wright was elected Mayor in 
1842, and reelected in 1843. Dr. Huntington again filled the 
ofl&ce during 1844 and 1845. Hon. Jefferson Bancroft was elected 
Mayor in 184G, and reelected in 1847 and 1848. In 1849 and 
1850, Hon. J. B. French was Mayor, and was succeeded in that 
office in 1851 by Hon. J. H. B. Ayer. Dr. Huntington again 
filled the office in 1852 ; Hon. Sewall G. Mack in 1853 and 1854 ; 
Dr. Ambrose Lawrence in 1855 ; and Dr. Huntington again in 
1856, the current year. 

All these gentlemen are still living in the community over 
which they have in turn presided ; — and long may it be, ere the 
life of another deceased mayor will have occasion to be written ! 
Our mayors have been solid but not brilliant men, — honestly, 
judiciously and quietly discharging their magisterial functions, 
but making little display, and emjiloying^no trumpeters to pro- 
claim abroad their fame. No charge of corruption, peculation, or 
official misconduct, has ever been seriously alleged against any of 
them. Once or twice, disturbances have occurred, and the riot 
act has been read ; but, otherwise, no striking events have trans- 
pired in connection with our municipal administrations. The 
philosophic Frenchman, who said, " Happy are the people whose 
annals are barren," might here find a congenial paradise. 

Until 1841, there had been no substantial bridge over Concord 
River, connecting Church and Andover streets. The first struc- (% 
ture was a floating-bridge for foot-passers. The next was a bridge ^^^ 
set upon spiles. But, in the year above named, the double-arch ^ 
stone bridge, (still standing,) was constructed. One of the r^^ 




HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 





3 



AMP CATHARTIC 



BYROM'S COUGH SIRUP! 

DPOH THE CXTE.E OF 

Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness, Asthma, Tickling in the Throat, all Bronchial 
Affections, and the Relief of Consumptive Pafie7its, and to guard those per- 
sons predisposed to Pulmo7uiry Affections from future and more fre- 
quent attacks. 

Never neglect a common cold ; for you are well aware (or at 

least you should be,) that frequent and unheeded colds are only 

the forerunners of that fell destroyer of mankind — 

ooNsxjM:i*Tioisr. 

The public may rest assured that there is at least one medicine 
afforded to them that is no humbug, and no catch-penny, but 
contains all the soothing and healing properties that a remedy 
intended for the relief of mankind should, and really does, pos- 
sess. It is put in large size bottles, and sold at the 

Xjiox?«7- I'x'xc© of IPifty Oeixts. 

BYROM'S^CAT^HARTIO PILLS 

ARE PURELY VEGETABLE. 

They operate without nausea, or sickness of the stomach, or 
griping, — they promote the healthy secretions of the stomach, 
liver and intestines ; removing bilious and morbid accumulations 
of matter from the bowels, and are the best known remedy for the 
cure oi Dyspepsia, Indigestion, Disease of the Bowels, Pain in 
the Stomach, Side, Shoulders, SfC, Determination of Blood to 
the Bead, Costiveness, Headache, ^c, Sfc. 

The necessity of such a medicine as these Pills has long been 
felt in our community. Leave oflf your nostrums and try the 
virtue of these Pills. 

i^For sale by the Apothecaries generally. Principal Depot, 
No. 61 Market Street, Lowell, Mass. 

GEORGE MOLLOY, Agent. 




11 



^^^N^^ "^^^0^^ 



122 



HISTORY OF LOWELL 



arches of this bridge vras deformed ; and a eaving-in of the whole 
structure was daily apprehended, until, at length, '■' hope defer- 
red" made the hearts of the expectants sick. 



Death of Harrison. 

On the seventh day of April, 1841,- all the bells in the city 
were draped in mourning, and tolled an hour, from twelve o'clock 
till one, in observance of the death of President Harrison. On 
Friday, the 14th of May, — that day having been designated by 
the new President as a National Fast-day, — all business was sus- 
pended, and the obsequies of the diseased President appropriately 
solemnized. Many buildings, both public and private, were 
draped in sable. A long procession moved through the princi- 
pal streets, composed of citizens, without distinction of party, in 
funeral garb. In the absence, through illness, of Hon. Caleb 
Gushing, who had been expected to pronounce the eulogy, — Rev. 
Dr. Blanchard delivered an extemporaneous oration on the 
mournful topic of the day ; and the thanks of the City Council 
were presented to him, by a resolution, in which the eulogy is 
mentioned as a most able, interesting and eloquent performance. 
A solemn torch-light procession in the evening, closed the cere- 
monies of this last National Fast-Day. 

Independence-Day was appropriately observed, this year, under 
the auspices of the City Government; and Hon. John C. Park 
delivered the oration. 



The Cemetery. 

The Lowell Cemetery was established in 1 841 . For this ' * gar- j. 
) den of graves," — covering about forty-five'acres, — weareindebfc- ^^ 




HAND-B 



OOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 123 



ESTABLISHMENT. 




S. L. & W. G. WARD, 



'd 



B 



5 & 6 SAVINGS BANK BUILDING, 

(OVER LOWELL AND RAILROAD BANKS,) 
LOWELL, MASS. 



^^^^=s^- 




124 HISTOBY OF LOWELL: 

ed to the public spirit of Oliver M. Whipple, Esquire, and a few 
other citizens of this place. It is situated on the east bank of 
Concord River, one mile from the centre of the city. The topo- 
graphical survey was made under the direction of Mr. George P. 
Worcester. The grounds are laid out after the French style, 
combining therewith somewhat of the English mode of landscape 
gardening. Long serpentine avenues, shaded by forest trees, in- 
tersect this sacred enclosure. In the Central part of the Cemetery, 
in a group of young pines, stands a neat little Gothic chapel. 
This is in imitation of Pere la Chaise and other celebrated buiial 
places in Europe. The waving plumes of these }oung pines, are 
! in excellent keeping with the sacred purposes of the place. No- 
i thing certainly could be more appropriate, than these 

) 

( " Green and rolling forest tops, 

j And glens, and streams, that with their bordering thickets, 

' Strive to hide their windings." 

I This place was solemnly consecrated on Sunday, June 20th, 

* 1841, when Rev. Dr. Miles offered the consecrating prayer, and 

( Rev. Dr. Blanchard delivered an address, which, for " its appro- 

j priate extent of subjects, richness of thought, and felicity of ex- 

) pression," is said to have been rarely equalled on any similar 

\ occasion. 

J In 1842, James 0. Patterson erected the well-known " Pat- 

( terson Mill," at Wamesit Falls, and employed it in the manu- 

( facture of carpets. Mr. Patterson becoming bankrupt in 1S47, 

I this mill was purchased by the Middlesex Company ; and until 

^ 1852 Mr. James Siner carried it on as a carpet mill. It soo i 

( afterwards passed into the hands of the Lowell Power-Loom Har- 

f ness Company, its present occupants. 



t President Tyler's Visit. ^^^ 

On the 19th of June, 1843, John Tyler, then President of S^ 
) the United States, made a public visit to Lowell, accompanied by ^^ 




S. L. & W. G. WARD, 

DENTISTS, 

(Office, Nos. 5 and 6 Savings Bank Building, Lowell,) 




Having extended their arrangements to meet all orders in the line of their 
profession, would respectfully announce to their patrons, and all in want of 
Dental Operations, that they are now prepared to furnish Artificial Teeth, 
on Gold and Silver Plate, in a style of finish, unsurpassed. 
GUTTA PERCHA USEO WHEN DESIRED. 

Their assortment of Teeth, embracing every variety of shade, form, &c., is 
unrivalled. 

In making, and properly adapting, full or parts of sets, in an endless va- 
riety of cases, in their past extensive practise, including many so difficult as 
to be pronounced by others "impossible to fit," they have been eminently 
successful, and fully met the expectations of their patrons. 

Special attention given to every operation for the beauty and prfserva- 
TION of the Natural Teeth. 

Teeth filled with gold and other approved material. 

Persons having defective Teeth, and who are at the same time sufTering from 
impaired health, should not fail to consult an experienced Dentist. 

The intimate connection between the state of the teeth and the general 
health is such as to warrant calling attention to the subject, — a decided im- 
provement often resulting from the removal of extensively decayed teeth, and 
the substitution of those which better serve the purpose of mastication. 

Their mode of extracting Teeth, loith Instruments for each Tooth, in 
strict reference to their anatomical construction, with ease and safety, and 
the least possible pain to the patient, gives universal satisfaction. 

CHARGES REASONABLE. 

Dentistky.— S. L. Ward, Dentist, Bank Building-, Shattuck Street, hns a suit of 
rooms that for neatness of furnish, comfort, and adaptation to professionwl business, 
must bear the palm. His rooms consist of a large and elegant reception or drawing- 
room, a large andcommodious laboratory, and between these two, a neat and com- 
fortable little operating room. By perSKveiing industry and a laudable determina- 
tion to excel in his profession, Dr. Ward has secured an extensive and steadily in- 
creasing patronage. His good dental work is his best voucher.— [Lowell Courier, 
May 25, 1852. 

Dentistry.— The art of dentistry is reaching a high state of perfection, such that 
we might say that artificial teeth are preferable to the real molars. We saw, the 
other evening, an upper jaw, made and fitted to the mouth of a lady, by S. L. Ward, 
dentist, which, for the nicety of fit, we have never seen equalled. The set was fas- 
tened to the roof of the mouth by the principle of atmospheric pressure, and so te- 
naciously did it cling to its place, we could not, with all the strength we could exert 
with one hand, detach it. This triumph of Dr. W. deserves an honorable mention. 
The Doctor's office is in the Bank Building, Shattuck Street, and we cordially re- 
commend him to the attention of those in want of anything in the dental art.— [Low- 
ell Daily News, Feb. 14, 1852. 




;^^o(-f£^^ — ^"^ ^^--^^-^^^ — — ' — ■ 



126 



HISTORY OF LOWELL 




Hon. Abbott Lawrence, Hon. Isaac Hill, John Tyler, Junior, 
and other public personages. The boys and girls of the High 
School, with their teachers, — together with the military compa- 
nies, and a cavalcade of the citizens, — formed his escort ; and the 
usual public greetings took place. Before leaving Lowell, the 
President and suite visited the works of the Middlesex, Lowell, 
Boott, and Merrimac manufacturing companies ; and expressed 
much gratification with the novel and marvellous scenes exhibited 
to them. 

It was in 1843 that Mr. James C. Ayer commenced the man- 
ufacture of " Cherry Pectoral" in Lowell. This business, to- 
gether with the manufacture of " Cathartic Pills," has now 
become the largest individual interest in this city. It finds em- 
ploy for about one hundred and fifty persons. One and a half 
million bottles, or sixty million doses, of this " Pectoral,"— and 
two and a half million boxes, or fifteen million doses, of these 
" Pills," — are here annually manufactured and sold. One hun- 
dred and sixty tons of paper, a vast number of boxes and bottles, 
and a great quantity of the material ingredients of these medi- 
cines, are annually consumed at this establishment, (situated on 
Jackson street,) the receipts of which considerably exceed half a 
million of dollars per annum. Messrs. Ayer & Co.'s laboratory 
furnishes medicine sufficient for three doses apiece, per year, for 
every inhabitant of the United States. 




Anecdote of Webster. 

At the Octojber Term of the Court of Common Pleas, held in 
Lowell, in 184&, the famous case of the Commonwealth versus 
Wyman was tried. Several of the most distinguished lawyers of 
the American Bar,— among others, the late lamented Daniel 
Webster,— were retained as counsel. An incident occurred in 
the course of the trial, which well deserves a place in this history, 
from its connection with that great man,— being particularly 






HAND-BOOK J ITS BUSINESS 




AYER'S CATHARTIC PILLS. 

The sciences of Chemistry and Medicine have been taxed their utmost to pro- 
duce this best, most perfect purgative which is known to man. Innumerable 
proofs are shown that these Pills have virtues which surpass in excellence 
the ordinary medicines, and that they win unprecedently upon the esteem of 
all men. They are safe and pleasant to take, but powerful to cure. Their 
penetrating properties stimulate the vital activities of the body, and expel dis- 
ease. They purge out the foul humors which breed and grow distemper, stim- 
ulate sluggish or disordered organs into their natural action, and impart healthy 
tone with strength to the whole system. Not only do they cure the everyday 
complaints of every body, but also formidable and dangerous diseases that "have 
baffled the best of human skill. While they produce powerful effects, they 
are, at the same time, in diminished doses, the safest and best physic that can 
be employed for children. Being sugar-coated, they are pleasant to take; 
and being purely vegetable, are free from any risk of harm. Cures have been 
made which surpass belief, were they not substantiated by men of such exalted 
position and character as to forbid the suspicion of untruth. Many eminent 
clergymen and physicians have lent their names to certify to the public the 
reliability of my remedies, while others have sent me the assurance of their 
conviction that my Preparations contribute immensely to the relief of my af- 
flicted, suffering fellow-men. 

Agents will furnish gratis my American Almanac, containing directions 
for their use, and certificates of their cures of the following complaints ; — 

Costiveness, Bilious Complaints, Rheumatism, Dropsy, Heartburn, Head- 
ache arising from a foul Stomach, Nausea, Indigestion, Morbid Inaction of 
the Bowels, and Pain arising therefrom, Flatulency, Loss of Appetite, all Ul- 
cerous and Cutaneous Diseases which require an evacuant Medicine, Scrofu- 
la or King's Evil. They also, by purifying the blood and stimulating the sys- 
tem, cure many complaints which it would not be supposed they could reach, 
such as Deafness, Partial Blindness, Neuralgia and Nervous Irritability, De- 
rangements of the Liver and Kidneys, Gout, and other kindred complaints 
arising from a low state of the body or obstruction of its functions. 

A'S^B^^CHERRY'^PECT^AL 

FOR THE RAPID CURB OF 

Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness, luflueuza, Bronchitis, Whoop- 
ing Cough, Croup, Asthma, Incipient Consumption, 
and for the relief of consumptive patients in advanced stages of the disease. 
We need not speak to the public of its virtues. Throughout every town, and 
almost every hamlet of the American States, its wonderful cures of pulmon- 
ary complaints have made it already known. Nay, few are the families in any 
civilized country on this continent without some personal experience of its ef- 
fects ; and fewer yet the communities any where which have not among them 
some living trophy of its victory over the subtle and dangerous diseases of the 
throat andlungs. While it is the most powerful antidote yet known to man 
for the formidable and dangerous diseases of the pulmonary organs, it is also 
the pleasantest and safest remedy that can be employed for infants and young 
persons. Parents should have it in store against the insidious enemy that 
steals upon them unprepared. We have abundant grounds to beUeve the 
Cherry Pectoral saves more lives by the consumptions it prevents than 
those t cures. 

All know the dreadful fatality of lung disorders, and as they know too the 
virtues of this remedy, we need not do more than assure them it is still made 
the best it can jpe. We spare no cost, no care, no toil to produce it the most 
perfect possible, and thus afford those who rely on it the best agent which our 
skill can furnish for their cure. 

PREPARED BY DR. J. C. AYER, 
Practical and Analytical Chemist, Lowell, Mass., 

And Sold by all Druggists everywhere. 






):^:9— '- 



128 



HISTORY OF LOWELL 




the tenacity with which he adhered to whatever O 
ight assume. ^^ 



illustrative of 
position he mic 

While engaged in some "by-play" with another eminent law- 
yer, still living, Mr. Webster wrote upon a slip of paper the fol- 




THE USURPING EMPEROE OP CniNA.'-[SEE OPPOSITE PAGE.] 

q J lowing couplet from Pope, and then handed the slip to his " learn- 



ed brother:" — 




Lo ! where Mrotis sleeps, and softly flows, 
The ireezinc; Tanais throusrh a waste of snows." 




HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS 




We publish, as a great curiosity, the following characteristic 
letter, received by oui» friend. Dr. J. C. Ayer, of Lowell, Mass., 
from the " Eebel Chief," or usurping Emperor of China, in 
acknowledgment for quantities of his Cherry Pectoral and 
Cathartic Pills, the Dr. sent him as a present : 
To Doctor Ayer in America, 

The great curing Barbarian of the outside country. 

Your present of sweet curing seeds (Pills) and fragrant curing 

drops (Pectoral) of the Cherry smell, has been brought to Hug- 

seu-Tsene — the mighty Emperor (Kwangto) of the terrible, stout 

Ming Dynasty, by grace of Heaven restored after an interval of 

j ages, — Prince of peace (Ta-Ping-Wang) of China — the central 

I flowry land. He directed his powerful Mandarins to give them 

I to the sick according to what the Interpreters read from your 

, printed papers (directions.) Be profoundly happy, wise 

' Barbarian ! for I, Yang-seu-Tsing, say it. Your curing seeds 

and sweet curing drops were given to the sick in His army of 

the Winged-Sword, and have made them well. Be profoundly 

happy while you live, for this is known to the Mighty Emperor 

of China, who approves your skill and permits you to send more 

of your curing Medicines for his fierce armies of myriads of men. 

They may be given to Chiang-Lin, chief Mandarin of the Bed 

Button at Shanghai, who will repay you with Tea, or Silk, or 

Gold. 

The high Mandarins of China have heard of your great knowl- 
edge, surpassing all other foreigners, even aspiring to equal the 
divine wisdom of our own healing teachers, who make remedies 
that cure instantly. We are pleased to know you bow in trem- 
bling terror before our Mighty Emperor. 

Written by YANG-SEU-TSING, 

\ Minister-in-chief of the restored Imperial Ming dynasty, destined 

^ by the heavenly wisdom to rule in China. 

i ( Translated by the American Consulate at Hong Kong, China, 

3 MMay, 1855. 






HISTORY OF LOWELL: 



His "learned brother" aforesaid at once took exception to the 
word "softly,"" which, he said, should read "hardly," and ob- 
jected to this " rendering" of the poet. Mr. Webster stoutly 
jflSrmed that he had quoted the lines as Pope wrote them, and 
therefore needed no lecture on the duty of the correct citation of 
authors. A copy of Pope was procured, which settled the ques- 
tion adversely to Mr. Webster. He took up the book, — read the 
lines deliberately, — sat down, — turned to the fly-leaf of the vol- 
ume, — and wrote thereon these words : — 

" Spurious Edition of Pope.— DANIEL WEBSTEll." 



Events between 1844 and 1846. 

In 1844, the City School Library was institute!, at a cost of 
thirty-five hundred dollars. The volumes contained in this val- 
uable public library, (which has been enlarged from time to time,) 
number about ten thousand. This institution is under the care 
of a Librarian and a Board of Directors chosen by the City 
Council. Its privileges are open to all. 

In the same year, also, dates the establishment of the City 
Mission, by the South Congregational (Unitarian) Society. This 
is a fine imitation of the Ministry at largo, founded by Rev. Dr. 
Tuckerman, in Boston. Rev. Horatio Wood has filled this Min- 
istry ever since its establishment ; and has made it his special 
" labor of love," to seek out daily and relieve the temporal and 
spiritual necessities of the poor, and especially of the indigent 
young. 

In 1845, the Stony Brook Railroad, connecting Lowell with 
Groton Junction, was incorporated, with a capital of three hun- 
dred thousand dollars. On the first of July, 1848, this road was 
opened for travel, largely increasing our facilities for communi- 
cation with other portions of New England, and with New York. 

It was in 1845 that the second reorganization of the Locks and 
Canals Company took place, when Mr. Jackson realized his vast 




e 



-OVo 




^J9_C\ -^J^r^^^:III^^)^^-w-r-^v-».r^>^^y-<^".-"w-.-.~r^^ 





ri 

HISTORY OP LOWELL: CT^' 

y^ 

plans for the disposition of the mill-powers here. All the water- C 
power of Merrimac River, — estimated at ten thousand horse-power, {^\ 
— had now been disposed of; and a great sale was made at pub- Is 
lie auction, of all the lands yet remaining in this company's 
hands. The several manufacturing companies now became 
the proprietors of all this water-power, under this company's 
charter. The separate existence of this company was still pre- 
served, with a view to the exercise by its agent of a general su- 
perintendence over the use of the water-power by all the compa- 
nies concerned. 

Mr. Jackson was succeeded in the agentship of this company 
by Mr. James B. Francis, who has here won a reputation for 
skill in practical hydraulics, second to that of no other man in 
this country. 

The business of building machinery, heretofore carried on by 
the Locks'and Canals Company, was now organized a^art by 
itself, and incorporated in the year of which we are treating, 
under the name of the Lowell Machine Shop, with a capital (at 
the present time) of six hundred thousand dollars. 



Judge Locke. 

In April, 1846, exactly thirteen years from the day of his ap- 
pointment, Hon. Joseph Locke resigned his office as standing 
Justice of the Lowell Police Court ; and Hon. Nathan Crosby, 
the present incumbent, was appointed in his place. 

Judge Locke continued to reside among us until his death, 
which occurred November 10th, 1853, at the patriarchal age of 
eighty-two. He was born in 1771, and graduated at Dartmouth 
College in 1797. His class furnished the bar with several law- 
yers of more than ordinary calibre, and the pulpit with four cler- 
gymen of distinguished usefulness, besides two physicians, and 
two members of Congress. He was a gentleman of the old 
school, a very accomplished lawyer, — thoro.ughly versed in that 
great body of reason, the gathered wisdom of a thousand years, ^_^ 



r,Q HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 133 

I H. H. BARNES, 



DEALER m 



Ready Made Olotliing 

— AND — 

5 Canal Block, Central Street. 



For all seasons, well and fashionably made. 

BO-^S' OLOa?3B3:insrC3- ; 

One of the largest assortments to be found in the city, consisting of Over 
Garments, Frocks, Sacks, Pants and Vests. 

BOYS' JA-CKETS, 

Small Suits, Suit Pants, Plain and Emb'd Caps for Children, Boys' Shirts, 
Collars, Bows, Hdkfs, &c., &c. 



RICH FURNISHING GOODS FOR GENTS. 

Stocks, Ties, Scarfs, Neckerchiefs; Gloves — ^Kid, Silk, Linen, Lisle Thread, ) 

&c. Hosiery for all seasons ; Undershirts and Drawers — Silk, 5 

Woollen, Merino, Cotton, &c.; Suspenders, Silk and Linen ) 

Pocket Hdkfs. A complete assortment of ) 

GEHT'S LIJfEF, 

Warranted to be all the article is represented — Fine Shirts, Common do., ) 

I Plain Cotton and Fancy Working do, FINE LINEN COLLARS, ) 

1 latest patterns, plain and fancy. Linen and French wove ) 

n Shirt Bosoms, ' r<d 

W FOR FITTIKTO- OKT SKCIRTS. -^ ' 

^ Fine Shirts Made to Order for those who wish. 

^ Soft Hats, Silk and Cloth Caps, tTmbrellas, &c., &c. 

^>^r -.,._.. 

12 




134 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: 



the Common Law. This was his speciality, — his forte. He also 
excelled in special pleading ; but beyond this, his range of cul- 
ture was very circumscribed, as is necessarily the case with the 
mere lawyer. 

He was very popular as a judge. The tenderness of his sensi- 
bilities, and the warmth of his sympathies, made it natural for 
him to temper justice with mercy to the unfortunate criminal, as 
God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb. He was sometimes 
wholly unmanned, and forced " to play the woman," when called 
in his ofl&cial capacity to pronounce the stern sentence of the law ; 
and he frequently wet the judicial bench with compassionating 
tears. 

Appropriate resolutions were passed, on the occasion of his 
decease, by the Lowell Bar, in which his personal integrity, pro- 
fessional ability, amiable manners, and conventional virtues, were 
recognized and applauded. 






Events of 1846 and 1847. 

In 1846 our population was twenty-nine thousand one hundred 
and twenty-seven. The city of Lawrence had just started ; and 
to facilitate intercourse between the two places, the Lowell and 
Lawrence Railroad was incorporated during this year, with a capi- 
tal of three hundred thousand dollars. 

A planing-mill had heretofore been carried on near Middlesex 
street, by Messrs. Pickering & Brown, and Call & Livingston. 
Brooks & Co. established their planing-mill in the same vicinity, 
during this year. The late William Livingston and Sidney 
Spaulding, Esquire, are the chief architects of this part of Low- 
ell, which has now become the theatre of most of the saw-mills, 
planing-mills, and lumber business of the city. 

In the same year, (1846,) dates the establishment of the mills 
of 0. M. Whipple, Esquire, near the Bleachery, which have been 
leased by various parties for miscellaneous mechanical purposes, 
and continue to be so occupied at the present time. 



3^< 







HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS 



GUSHING & MACK 

NOS. 133 ami 135 MARKET STREET, LOWELL, 





WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALKEB IN 



STOVES AND HOLLOW WAEE, 

mi Ml f Miosis MS mmm. 

SOLE AGENTS, FOR LOWELL, OF 

Mott's Celebrated Invincible Tabular Oven Range. 

MANtrPACTURERS OF 

C. & M. are ready, at all times, to contract for the Iron AVoee (Orna- 
mental or otherwise,) for^Publie and Private Buildings ; and for specimens 
^^S. of their work, would refer to the State Library Room, Boston, and to Store 
■^Jy front of No. 164 "Washington Street, Boston. 






HISTORY OF LOWELL; 




The new bridge over Concord River near the Cemetery was 
constructed in 1847. 

In 1847, the great Northern Canal was completed, — being the 
greatest work of the kind in the United States. The object of 
this canal, (and of the subterranean canal under Moody street,) 
was, to keep constantly a fuller supply of water than could pre- 
viously be obtained, in the several canals that feed the water into, 
the flumes of the various mills. The canal was constructed by 
the combined companies, in less than eighteen months, at a cost 
of five hundred thousand dollars. It was first filled with water on 
Thanksgiving-Day, in the year last mentioned. James B. Fran- 
cis, Esquire, the Agent and Chief Engineer of the Locks and 
Canals Company, was the architect of this stupendous work. 
Well may he say — 

•• Exegi monumentum sere perennius," 

A great portion of the canal was excavated through the solid 
rock. Its length is nearly a mile ; its breadth a hundred feet ; 
and its depth eighteen feet. Its water-section is exactly fifteen 
hundred square feet. The banks are lined with a double colon- 
nade of trees, tastefully laid out, with green plats, and beautiful 
summer promenades. Along these banks, — so attractive, so 
lovely, so picturesque, — will " future sons and daughters yet 
unborn," take sentimental walks by moon-light, while tales of 
love find tender audience, and visions of a matrimonial Elysium 
dance through their minds. 

To augment still further the water-power of Merriraac Eiver, 
the lakes at the head of Winnipissawkee and Square Rivers, cov- 
erint^ about one hundred square miles, were secured, — by 
which the total water-power of the Merrimac has been increased 
from ten thousand to fifteen thousand horse-power. 




pt^^g^™—^ 




HAND'-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 137 

C. p. TALBOT & CO. 

Manufacturers and Dealers in 

ciims, mi WOODS, druijs 

AND 




CITY m:a.rket house. 

Market Street, : : t : : Lowell, Mass. 



We manufacture to order, at our Chemical Works and Mills, 
situated at North Billerica, with a never failing water power, 
enabling us at all seasons to fill our orders promptly, the follow- 
ing list of articles, to which we would call the attention of dealers 
and manufacturers : — 

Barwood, 

Brazilwood, 

Camwood, 

Fustic, 

Hypernic, 

Limawood, 

Logwood, 

Peachwood, 

Red Sanders, 

Redwood, 

Sappanwood, 

Quer. Cit. Bark, 

Lac Dye, 

Cream Tartar, 



Red Tartar, 
Nut Galls, 
Tumeric, 
Divi Divi, 
Argols, 

Sperm Oil Soap, 
Palm Oil Soap, 
Aqua Fortis, 
Aqua Ammonia, 
Barwood Spirits, 
Blue Vitriol, 
Ext. Indigo, 
Indigo Oil Vitriol, 
Iron Liquor, 



Muriatic Acid, 
Muriate Iron, 

do Tin, 
Nitric Acid, 
Nitrate Iron, 

do. Copper, 
Plumb Spirits, 
Preparing Salts, 
Red Liquors, 
Redwood Spirits, 
Scarlet Spirits, 
Tin Crystals, 
Yellow Spirits. 



We have constantly on hand, in Store, in addition to above 



Alum, 

Brimstone, 

Bleaching Powders, 

Cochineal, 

Cudbear, 

Copperas, 

Cutch, 

Flavine, 

Glue, 

Gambler, 



Gum Arabac, 

Indigo, 

Lace Leather, 

Madder, 

Oils, 

Oil Vitriol, 

Potash Bichrome, 

Potash Pruss, 

Potash, 

Pickers, 



AND ALL ARTICLES GENERALLY USED 



i Picker Leather, 

\ Reeds, 

i Shuttles, 

! Sal Soda, 

I Soda Ash, 

I Soda Soap, 

; Sumac, 

i Sugar Lead, 

I Twines and Tapes, 

I Tin, 

BY MANUFACTURERS. 



With our increasing facilities and long experience, we do not 
^t,. hesitate saying to dealers and manufacturers, that quality and 
^ ^ price shall be satisfactory. 





On the 30tb day of June, 18-47, President Polk, and hia Sec- 
retary of State, Hon. James Buchanan, together with other dis- 
tinguished gentlemen, visited Lowell, and' were received by the 
local authorities at the landing from the cars, near the Bleachery, 
where the usual congratulations were exchanged. He was es- 
corted through the principal streets, with the usual ceremonies, 
by the City Guards, the Phalanx, and the Westford Rifle Com- 
pany. The reception was painfully polite, but distinguished by 
no enthusiasm. The mills were closed, and all business suspend- 
ed. The President and his companions visited the Middlesex 
and Prescott Mills on the following day, and expressed much sat- 
isfaction with their visit. 



Gen. Cass as a Lecturer. 




From the very initiation of the debating-club system of New 
England, by that Apostle of the Lyceum, the younger Rantoul, 
lyceum lectures have been in high repute in Lowell. Successive 
series have been delivered from season to season, under the pat- 
ronage of the Lowell Institute, the Lyceum, the Mechanics' As- 
sociation, the Athenaeum, the Adelphi, the Mathew Institute, the 
Young Men's Christian Association, the Lee Street Christian 
Union, and other similar organizations. 

In the winter of 1846-'47, General Cass visited Lowell, and 
delivered one of the lectures of that season. All who knew the 
General, knew that, if once tapped, he was the last man in the 
world to run dry in a single hour. His lecture, — more remarka- 
ble for length than for depth, — was full three hours long. To 
listen to such a discourse, — much more to deliver it, — would be 
equal to one of the twelve feats of Hercules. 






"^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 139 ^^ 

SAMUEL N. WOOD, 

COMMISSION MERCHANT, 



AND AVHOLESALE DEALER IN 



FLOUE, GRAIN, AND FEED 

OF ALL KINDS, 
NO, 43 JTIARKET STREET, 

(Nearly opposite the Market House,) 



S. N. WOOD is receiving constantly from the Suffolk County Flour Mill, 

Fresh Ground Flour, Graham Meal, 

.A.3SriD C3-I10-A.TS. 



Also on hand, the best brands of 



ST. LOUIS, GENESEE, AND OHIO FLOUR 



And warranted to give satisfaction. 

CONSTANTLY ON HAND, 

COKN, MEAL, OATS, EYE, BUCKWHEAT, BARLEY, 
SHORTS, FINE FEED, RICE MEAL, OIL MEAL, 
MEDLEYS, OAT MEAL, RYE FLOUR, BUCK- 
WHEAT FLOUR, SCREENINGS, &c. 

Also on hand, a large supply of 

Peruvian, Mexican, and Cliilian Guanos,— 

Lloyd's and DeBurgh's Super Phosphate 

of Lime,— Gould's Muriate of Lime,— 

Ground Plaster, &c.. 

All of which will be sold at Boston Wholesale Prices. 



^, ''^^S== Having a large experience and facilities for doing a 

j^. large business, I flatter myself that I can deliver Flour and Grain 
i,^ at as low a figure as can be bought in this or any other market. 




m. 



S 



The General commenced ut precisely eight o'clock -in the eve- c 
ning, and continued till nine, without cessation, interruption, ac- 
cident or loss of breath. The audience now began to retire. The 
(ieneral, seeing this, made a sudden halt. " Ladies and gentle- 
men," said he, "I believe you are not in the habit of hearing 
lectures three hours long!" Great merriment was provoked by 
this well-timed remark, and a prolonged round of applause followed. 
The General hastily turned to the last few pages of his prodigious 
roll of manuscript, and closed by giving only ' ' the conclusion of 
the matter." 




Events between 1848 and 1852* 

We have now arrived at a period, the events of which are still 
too fresh in the recollection of the community, to require more 
than a glance at each. The Salem and Lowell Railroad was in- 
corporated in 1848, with a capital of four hundred thousand dol- 
lars. It was opened for travel, August 1st, 1850. The City 
Institution for Savings was also incorporated in 1848. Its de- 
sign was to afford means to employ small sums of money to ad- 
vantage, to those who desired to save a part of their earnings, 
but had hot yet acquired a sufldicient surplus to purchase a share 
in the banks, or in the public stocks. These little investments 
are made without that risk of loss, to wliich private loans are 
more or less exposed. 

On the 20th of February, 1848, at the suggestion of the City 
Council, all business was suspended, and the bells, draped in 
black, tolled an hour, from twelve o'clock till one, on the occasion 
of the death of the venerable John Quincy Adams. More than 
or'linary observance was made, this year, of Independence-Day. 
A thousand dollars were appropriated by the City Council, in (k 
addition to considerable sums raised by private contribution,* to ^E^ 
defray the expenses of a splendid display of fire-works, etc. ^ 
Among the public orations delivered on that day, was one ^J^ 





HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS, 141 



^^ DR. ROBERT WOOD, 

VETERIMHT SURGEON 




No. 18 ALDER STREET, LOWELL, MASS., 

Still continues, as for the past fourteen years, to practice successfully all 
the diseases incidental to that noble animal. 

Also, the diseases of Neat Cattle, and all other domesticated animals. 

He has also a Shoeing Shop on Dummer Street, where all kinds of 
Shoeing are done by skilful and reliable workmen, — his personal attention 
being given to all cases of lameness, quarter-cracks, corns, and other troubles 
requiring peculiar forms of shoes. 

ll^Orders may be left at the shop, at the stable of D. R. Kimball, near 
the Merrimack House, or at my residence on Alder Stieet. 

Lowell, August, 1856. 




by Dr. Elisha Bartlett, (the first Mayor of Lowell,) who had 
performed a similar service here as early as 1828. 

Oa the 24th of April, 1849, the City Council, by resolution, 
invited President Taylor to visit Lowell ; but affair? of state 
prevented a compliance with this invitation ; and on the 13th of 
July, 1850, all business was suspended, — the bells were tolled, 
and the cannons boomed, — because President Taylor was no more. 
The large reservoir on Lynde's Hill in Belvidere, was constructed 
by the Locks and Canals Company, in 1849. Gas was intro- 
duced by the Lowell Gas Company, in 1850. In 1851, the 
bounds of Lowell were considerably extended by the annexation 
of Centralville. 

On the 27th of May, 1851, the City Council, by resolution, 
invited Hon. Daniel Webster to visit Lowell : but public busi- 
ness prevented a compliance therewith : and on Monday, the 25th 
day of October, 1852, the streets were draped in symbols of 
mourning ; — business was arrested, and the mills stopped ; — 
while the tolling of bells, and the firing of minute-guns, announced 
that he who was to have been the guest of Lowell, had now be- 
come the guest of the Celestial Host ! The spacious new Court 
House on Gorham street, was erected by the county in 1851, at 
a cost of about one hundred thousand dollars. This edifice is of 
brick, and fire-proof throughout. It ranks among the handsom- 
est structures of the kind in the United States. The House of 
Pteformation connected with the City Alms House, was erected in 
the same year. 




Kossuth's Visit. 

On the 6th of May, 1852, Governor Kossuth, of the late lie- 
public of Hungary, then on a public tour of triumph through the 

United States, on the special invitation of the citizens, visited (^ 

Lowell, and was received with the warmest enthusiasm. He was Sp^i 

escorted by the military companies through the principal streets, ^ 

attended by a procession of some thousands of citizens, amid the ri . 



^^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 143 




mmmn ai mnmm 



Corner of Central and Middlesex Streets, Lowell, 

Respectfully inform the citizens of Lowell and vicinity that they continue to 
keep constantly on hand a general assortment of Drugs and Medicines, and 
all of the most popular Patent and Family Medicines of the day ; such as 
Cordials, Syrups, Bitters, Pills, Plasters, Ointments and Liniments, some of 
which have long been known for their wonderful cures. Also, all kinds of 
Fancy Articles, such as Toilet Soaps, Brushes, Portmonies, Cigar Cases, To- 
bacco, Cigars, &c. 

Also, COOL SPARKLING SODA drawn with Syrups of the first quality, 
for flavor and purity, which we offer for sale from one to one hundred gallons, 
to suit the purchaser. 

Also, the greatest assortment of Lubin's Perfumery in this city, besides va- 
rious other kinds of other qualities. 

Su])porters and Shoidde)- Braces of the most approved styles, — and can be 
applied by iVlrs. Staniels, — always giving entire satisfactien. 

Also, Palmer's Patent Limbs, which answers nearly as well as the natural 
one. Trusses of all kinds — and applied. German Leeches always on hand. 

N. B. — Particular attention paid to the pitting up of Physicians' Prescrip- 
tions. 




Stands unrivalled for the Restoration of the Hair to its original lustre and color, 
and for giving tone to the skin, and removing all Dandruff or other diseases 
of the Scalp, thereby preventing its falling off. It is no new article, but is 
well known by many who have used it to their entire satisfaction — some of 
them having been nearly bald for many years. Can refer to some of the owners 
of the best heads of hair in this county or state. We challenge the world for 
its equal. 

Made and Sold Wholesale and Retail by 

E. _^. ST-A.NIELS & CO., 

CORNER OF CENTRAL AND MIDDLESEX STREETS, 

N.' B. — All orders strictly attended to. 



),w>_rw-w^.y^^r,.^x^-..>->-.~~'>-^-«-">-^->>^>-'^^ 




HISTOET OF LOWELL 






ringing of bells, the music of bands, the thunder of cannon, and 
the loudest transports of delirious joy. He visited several of the 
mills, and the new canal. On the evening of the same day, in 
i St. Paul's Church, he received an address of welcome from the 
J Mayor, (Huntington,) and delivered a lengthy speech, character- 
\ ized by what Mr. Choate terms " the sweetest, most melting, 
( most awful tones, that man may ever utter, or may ever hear, — 
^j the eloquence of an expiring nation !" 

( Fifteen hundred dollars were appropriated by the City Coun- 

cil in 1852, in addition to considerable sums raised by private 
subscription, to defray the expenses of an extraordinary celebra- 
tion of Independence-Day. Eev. Joseph Towne, of Lowell, (now 
of Bridgeport, Connecticut,) delivered an able and eloquent ora- 
tion. The Governor (Boutwell) of the Commonwealth, and 
other distinguished gentlemen, were present as guests. 



The New Depot, and the Jail. 

Tde new depot at the corner of Merrimac and Dutton streets, 
was erected in 1852-'53, jointly by the City and the Boston and 
Lowell Railroad Company. Two spacious halls were fitted up in 



i the upper stories of this edifice : one named Jackson Hall, in 
( honor of Mr. P. T. Jackson ; the other named Huntington Hall, 



/ in honor of the Mayor, Dr. E. Huntington, 

j There now only remains to be noticed the new jail on Thorn- 

( dike street, — constructed according to the design of James H. 

f Rand, Esquire. The architectural style of this edifice is semi- 

i Gothic, differing in many respects from any other structure of the 

I kind. The main body of the building is one hundred and twenty- 



l three feet in length ; and the width is ninety feet in front, and 

fifty-four feet in the rear. The entire frontage, including the 

wings, is one hundred and eighty-eight feet. It is four stories 

high, with an octagon tower at each of the front corners of the 

I -^ main body of the edifice. The male and female prisoners are to j- 

\j^J^ be kept entirely separate, — not being within sight or hearing of Q^ 



BROOKS & ELLIOTT'S 



'' ■mw&mmw^?^'B 



IS PREPAKED TO FURNISH 



Music for Balls, Private Parties, 

Assemblies, Pic-Nics, &c. 

Applications may be made to 

WILLIAM 0. BROOKS, Leader of LowcU Cornet Band, at 27 Applcton Bkk: 

E. E. ELLIOTT, at V. Ganson's, 20 Merrimack Street: or 

E. B. CAELETON, at Sliepard's Music Store, 77 Merrimack Street, Lowell, Ms. 



MEMBERS OF THE BAND : 



T. Maass, 1st Violin ; 

E. E. Elliott, 2nd. Violin ; 

"W. W. Chipman, Clarinett ; 



Wm. O. Brooks, Cornet ; 
J. H. Stratten, Trombone; 
E. B. Carlton, Basso. 



CARLTON AND ELLIOTT, Prompters. 
ANY NUMBER OF PIECES FURNISHED THAT MAY BE DESIRED, 



FIRE INSURANCE. 



NO ASSESSMENT IN ANY CASE. 
aETNA, AND HARTFORD FIRE INSURANCE CO'S., 

Hartford, Conn. 

SPRINGFIELD FIRE AND MARINE INSURANCE CO., 

Springfield, Mass. 

WESTERN MASS. INSURANCE COMPANY, 

Pittsfield, Mass. 

Aggregate Capital, paid in $1,100,000, with a large surplus. 

J3TNA, Capital, #500,000 1 SPRINGFIELD, Capital, #150,000 

HARTFORD, Capital, #300,000 | WESTERN MASS., Capital, #150,000 



First Ckss Dwelling Houses Insured at very Low Rates, from One to Five Years. 

CHARLESTOWN MUTUAL FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 
Charlestown, Mass., which insures the safer kinds of propertyfor lorSyears. 
>\ HARTFORD LIFE INSURANCE COilPANF, 

]jr. Hartford, Cpnn. Capital Stock, #100,000, all paid in. 

g aT^AiSeS RICHMOND, Agent, 

^3 Office, 18 APPLETON BLOCK, CE\TRAL STREET, Lowell. 




HISTORY OF LOWELL: ^7^ 

each other. One of the wings is to be devoted to female prison- C 
ers, and the other occupied as the residence of the jailor, who will ^ 
be able to view both departments of the prison at a glance. There 
are ninety cells for males, and twelve for females, two hospitals, 
four rooms for temporary confinement, with kitchens, wash-rooms, 
bath-rooms, and other accompaniments of a modern prison. The 
cost of this handsome edifice will be about one hundred and twen- 
ty-five thousand dollars. (For a view of this structure see 
page 82.) 



Manufactures in 1856. 

There are now twelve great manufacturing corporations in 
Lowell, which have fifty mills ; — fifty temples dedicated to the 
" Divinity of Labor ;" — each huger than the Temple of Jeddo, 
the Mosque of St. Sophia, or the Cathedral of Milan ; — with 
more than twelve legions of priests and priestesses, preaching 
daily of Art, of Industry, of Economy, and of " the Gospel ac- 
cording to Poor Richard's Almanac." Their aggregate capital 
is about fourteen millions of dollars ; while the total value of real 
and personal estates in the city, is about twenty-two millions. 
The value of the farms around Lowell has certainly been enhanced 
a million dollars, by the creation of this great home market for 
the produce of the soil. 

There are just twice as many spindles in operation now, as in 
1845. The total number of spindles in motion here at the pres- 
ent time, is four hundred thousand, and of looms twelve thou- 
sand. The annual consumption of cotton, — the product of the 
South, — is thirty-six million pounds. That of wool, — the pro- 
duct mainly of the West, — is about five million pounds ; — the i 
annual consumption of fine wool being equal to the aggregate ) 
product of half a million sheep. From three to six thousand f p 
tons of wrought and cast iron, twenty-eight thousand tons of hard ^|P| 
lyj coal, one hundred thousand gallons of oil, thirty-six thousand ^ 
v^ (^ bushels of charcoal, fifteen hundred cords of wood, fifteen hundred r^J^ 





HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 147 

ABIJAH CUTTER, 

No. 15 MIDDLE STREET, Lowell. 

MANUFACTUEER OF 




Improved Gain Twist Target and Sporting Rifles, 

SINGLE AND DOUBLE 

S1E@)^ m^Wm^ ^^3) ^lii® Q)^i)^ 

ALSO, BEALER IN 
^^ ^^ ^1^ /7S\ ^ *^?^*5^ '^'^ C^ 

of the most approved kinds ; Rifle, Belt, and Pocket Pistols ; 
Rifle, Fowling, and Ducking Guns, of every size ; Hunting and 
Dirk Knives, Spy Glasses, Pocket Compasses, Wicker and Lea- 
ther Covered Drinking Flasks, Powder Flasks, Shot Pouches 
and Belts, Game Bags, Gun Cases, Eley's Water Proof and 
Common Caps, Eley's Patent Shot Cartridges, English and 
American Rifle Powder, in canisters or casks. Shot and Balls 
of every size, Concave and Felt Wadding, Cleaning Rods, &:c, 

mm mb pjs^dis as^ana^^ 

WITH NEATNESS AND DESPATCH. 



EISHIFG TACKLE, 

In all its varieties ; consisting of English and American Rods 
and Reels, Walking Cane Rods, Lines of all kinds. Hooks of all 
kinds and sizes. Artificial Trout, Salmon, and Bass Flies, Bait 
Boxes, Squids, Jigs, Swivels, Silkworm Gat, Hooks to Gut, 
Gimp and Wire ; Cane and Bamboo Poles, Whole and Jointed ; 
Rigged Lines and Hooks for Sea Fishing, &c. 

Fishing Kods made to Order, at 

-A._ C XJ T T E :Ei'S, 

ISTo. 13 I^dic^c^le Street, Xjioxt^oH, HS^s. 





H.I STORY OF LOWELL: 




barrels of flour, and an equal quantity of starch, besides enor- 
mous quantities of teasels, soap, madder, copperas, alum, sumac, 
indigo, etc., are consumed in these mills every year. 

The annual product of all this material, machinery and labor, 
is over eighty million yards of cotton cloth, over twenty million 
yards of calico, over fifteen million yards of bleached and dyed 
goods, one and a half million yards of broadcloths and cassimeres, 
nearly a million yards of carpets, and three thousand yards of 
rugs, besides about two million dollars' worth of machinery. 





liUb'lOK^AM) LOWELL DEPOT — (glUJB VIEW.) 

More than two hundred miles of cotton goods are woven every 
day ; — making sufficient for two handsome bracelets for the whole 
globe every year ! Verily, " Cotton is King." 

Nearly five hundred thousand yards of these cotton goods are 
printed annually. The " Merrimac Prints" are the most cele- 
brated. They owe their fame to the genius of John D. Prince, 
Esquire, who for many years had charge of the Merrimac Print 





UAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 




i^THE BEST FAMILY MEDICINE 

3j IN THE WORL.r>. 

DfiR'S Hr«^^ 



en: 




Pxq 

>< 
Pxq 



A sure Remedy and a universal Panacea for 

Rhenmatism, Cuts, Wounds, Burns, Scalds, Lumbago, 

Sore Throat, Piles, Bowel Complaints, Cholera, 

Wind Colic, Dysentery, Headache, and numerous 

other "Ills and Aches." 

Its popularity is owing to its own intrinsic merits. Once used, it is never 
dispensed with. 

Its peculiar neatness and delicacy, its prompt action and unfailing bene- 
ficial effects in all cases, have given it an enviable reputation, which it will 
sustain long after the hundreds of quacl? preparations have received their 
death blow. 

It is prescribed for and recommended by many of the most eminent phy- 
sicians with the most perfect confidence, and we are constantly receiving 
new testimonials from all parts of the country, of wonderful cures effected by 
the use of this sovereign remedy. 

Dyer's Healing Embrocation is now put up in green glass bottles, with the 
words — "Dyer's Healing Embrocation, Prov., R. I.," blown in the glass, 
and the fac-simile of the proprietor's signature upon the outside wrapper. 

A. H. FIELD, Sole Proprietor, Providence, R. I. 

J A ^°^^ ^^ Lowell by all the principal Druggists, and by dealers in medicine 
^^j throughout the country. 




& 



HISTORY OF LOWELL: 

Works. His skill in this department won for these prints an en- 
during renown in all the markets of the globe. Goods bearing 
his brand have long commanded higher prices than any goods of 
the same description, not having his brand. Hence this brand 
has often been counterfeited by those who could not command 
his skill. Mr. Prince is still living, at an advanced age ; and 
long may he be spared those honors which gratitude bestows upon 
the meritorious dead ! 

Besides the corporations above referred to, there are several 
wadding and batting mills, a large flannel mill, several large tan- 
neries, sawing and planing mills, machine shops, dye-houses, 
screw-bolt factories, carpet factories, belt factories, harness facto- 
ries, grist mills, card factories, bobbin and shuttle factories, bed- 
stead factories, a wire-fence factory, a bag factory, etc. 



Churches, Schools, Banks, Journals, etc. 

There are twenty-four churches in Lowell, which cost in the 
aggregate about three hundred thousand dollars. The Orthodox 
Congregationalists have five churches ; the Calvinistie Baptists, 
three; the Episcopal Methodists, three; the Koman Catholics, 
three ; the Unitarians, two ; the Universalists, two ; the Episco- 
palians,* one ; the Presbyterians, one ; the Free Will Baptists, 

* The Protestant Episcopal Church was the first edifice dedicated to reli- 
gious worship here, since the erection of that modest log chapel in which 
the Apostle Eliot preached to the Indians, some two centuries ago. It was 
called St. Anne's, as a compliment to the wife of Mr. Kirk Boott, who. at 
that time, was <^ man of this place. Rey. Dr. Theo. Edson, its present 
Rector, was the first clergyman ever settled in Lowell, and the only one ever 
connected with this church. 

The history of this church is peculiar. The land on which it stands origi- 
nally belonged to the Fletcher farm, which was purchased, with other lands, 
by the Merrimac Company, in 1822. This land was then valued at two hun- 
dred dollars ; but in 1826, it was valued at ten thousand dollars, so rapidly 
did real estate then increase in value. In 1825, the Merrimac Company erected 
the church and the parsonage adjoining. The church is a very handsome 
edifice, built of dark stone, with Gothic doors and arched windows, and shaded 



M&^ "—^^11 




HAND-BOOK OP ITS BUSINESS. 151 

O L _A. R K E ' S 

Vegetable Sherry Wine Bitters ! 

THE BEST MEDICINE IN THE WORLD. 




To all Persons,— Both Sick and Well ! 



If a long life of health and happiness is desired, let these Bitters be taken, 
particularly in the spring and warm seasons of the year. 

The mechanic, who, from his constant in door labors, becomes weakened 
at the stomach, nervous, pale and sickly ; his food not relishing, nor proper- 
ly digesting — he should take these Bitters, and freely too. It will make 
him, physically speaking, once more a man. 

The mill operative wU find this medicine the very thing to cleanse the 
blood and strengthen the system, and very mild and pleasant to take. 

The pale and once beautiful lady has but to take this compound freely, and 
she will be speedily restored to health, beauty and buoyancy. 

The honest farmer — the clergyman and lawyer, and men of sedentary hab- 
its — this is your medicine. After once using it, you never will be without it. 
It will improve you 25 per cent. 

THE LARGEST BOTTLE, THE LOWEST PRICE, AND THE MOST EFFECTUAL 
MEDICINE IN THE WORLD. 

Burr, Foster & Co., Wholesale Agents, No. 1 Cornhill, Boston. 



I J. E.. HAYES, A&E?f T. 
^ No. 12 Central Street, Lowell. 






HISTORY OF LOWELL 



one ; the Wesleyan Methodists, one ; the Second Adventists, 
one ; the Swcdenboigians, one. Besides these, there is the Free 
Chapel, which is under Unitarian influence. There are, also, 
several smaller societies, of Spiritualists, Millerites, Wymanites, 
Corae-Outers, etc. The sums expended by these churches for 
benevolent purposes, exceed forty thousand dollars a year. 

Several events have transpired, which have shocked the relig- 
ious sensibilities of the community, — such as the conversion of 
the Free Will Baptist Church on Merrimac street into a theatre, 
find the conversion of the " Christian" Church on Lowell street, 
into a dance-house. The denominational character of some of 




by forest trees. It was consecrated by Bishop Griswold, on the I6th of March, 
1825, and, by the permission of the Merrimac Company, occupied by the 
"Merrimac Religious Society," — the name by which the present church was 
then called. 

Shortly afterwards, when the great reorganization of the companies took 
place, these premises were conyeyed, together with other real estate of the 
Merrimac Company, to the Locks and Canals Company ; and on the third 
of May, 1826, the Locks and Canals Company reconveyed the premises to 
the Merrimac Company, upon the condition that the church should continue 
to be used for religious worship, and the parsonage to be occupied as the 
residence of a minister of the gospel. But by a subsequent deed, given in 
1830, the Locks and Canals Company released the Merrimac Company from 
this last named condition, and Renewed their former grant unconditionally. 

On the 23d of November, 1827, the Merrimac Company, for a nominal con- 
sideration, leased both church and parsonage to the Merrimac Ileligious So- 
ciety, for the term of fifteen years ; and on the termination of this lease in 
1813, the proprietors of St. Anne's church purchased the church and church- 
lot of the Merrimac Company, for the sum of twelve thousand dollars. Pos- 
session of the parsonage — which since 1826 had been occupied by the socie- 
ty's parson — was now resumed by the Merrimac Company, who compelled 
the parson to vacate his parsonage, and have ever since occupied it as the 
residence of their agent. In 1845, the church waa considerably enlarged by 
the proprietors. 

An action has recently been commenced, in the Supreme Judicial Court, 
by the Rector, Wardens and Vestry, of this church, against the Merrimac 
Company, to recover the parsonage, with rent for the same during its occupa- 
tion by the Merrimac Company, and also to recover the twelve thousand dol- 
lars paid for the church in 1843, together with the interest upon the same. 
The issues involved in this case are of too technical a character to be detailed 
here. However interesting to lawj'ers, they would be "caviare to the gene- 
ral." Both of the litigating parties have retained able counsel ; and the de- 
cision of the case will be looked for with much interest by the numerous 
parties concerned, and by the public. 




DEALER IN 

BOOKS, BLANK BOOKS & STATIONERY, 

CITY HALL BlIILDLXG, MERRIMACK STREET, 



DEPUTY SHERIFF FOR MIDDLESEX COUNTY. 

OFFICE, ( No. 3 CANAL BLOCK, (with E. L. Shed,) 
RESIDENCE, (No. 34 FRANKLIN STREET, 

DEPUTY SHERIFF & CORONER 

Office, ( ^o- ^ CANAL BLOCK, ) v ft\ •nT1*1' V 

Residence, \ No. 8 LAWRENCE STREET, 5 JmU W SJmJMj 

l^°Orders by Express or Mail promptly attended to, and particular atten- 
tion given to criminal business. 

ATTORNEYS AID COUNSELLORS AT LAW, 

OFFICE IN MANSUR'S BUILDING, NO. 55 CENTRAL STREET, LOWELL. 



-A.. I?,. BnO'STi^Kr, IB. A.. .A.XjC3-BI^, 

Commissioner for the states of IN. H. and Vermont. Notary PuWic. 



ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, ' 

MUSEUWl BUILDING, LOWELL, MASS. 



J ATTORNEY AND COUNSELLOR AT LAW, 

^^ Office, No. 75 Central Street, Opfosite American House, Lowell. 





154 



HISTORY OP LOWELL 




these churches has been changed. Thus, the Roman Catholic 
Church on Suffolk street, was formerly a Free Will Baptist 
Church ; — the Methodist Episcopal Church at the corner of Cen- 
tral and Merrimac streets, was originally erected and occupied Ly 
the Universalists ; — the Congregational Church on High street, 
was built by the Episcopalians ; — but the attempt to establish a 
second Episcopal Church here, proved a failure. The most mag- 
nificent church in Lowell, and one of the most splendid edifices 
in the country, is the Roman Catholic Church of St. Patrick, on 
Fenwick street. It cost about seventy thousand dollars, and can 
seat three thousand persons. The High Street Church is a showy 
Gothic edifice, " with spires and turrets crowned ;" but Whittier 
compares it to one of Irving's Shingle Palaces, and calls it "a 
whittled representation of the many-headed beast of the Apoca- 
lypse." Architecturally considered, most of these churches are 
more than respectable. 

The schools of Lowell are, one High School, with seven teach- 
ers and two hundred and thirty pupils ; ten Grammar Schools, 
with thirty-six teachers and over eighteen hundred pupils ; five 
Intermediate Schools, with eight teachers and four hundred 
pupils ; and forty-eight Primary Schools, with one teacher apiece, 
and twenty-seven hundred pupils. The cost of all these school- 
houses was about one hundred and fifty thousand dollars. The 
appropriations of the City Council for schools are between fifty 
and sixty thousand dollars a year. These schools are under the 
management of a committee, chosen annually by the citizens. 
Much has been done for the education of the young employed in 
the mills, by several Free Evening Schools, in connection with 
the Ministry at Large. These Schools have two sessions a week 
in winter ; and about a thousand pupils, — many of them of adult 
years, — here receive gratuitous instruction. 

These public schools are institutions of distinguished excellence. 
The District School System, which was first adopted heie, proved 
inadequate to the educational wants of the rising community. 
The present system was adopted as early as 1832, chiefly through 
the efforts of Rev. Dr. Edson, Warren Colburn, and a few others, 
contrary to the wishes and determined opposition of the mana- 



\^ 



<5^^^fJ^^ 



SHOREY & LYMAN, 

No. 4 APPLETON BLOCK, CENTRAL ST., 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



D 



mm m pictore fries. 

Having the best quality and styles of Moulding, we can make 
neater Frames than at any other place in Lowell. 

The beauty of a Frame is to have the corners well put together, 
which we can do at short notice, — having a Machine to cut them 
in. Also, 

FUHISriTUIlE REI>^IIIED, 

Sofas Reseated and made as good as new. Cabinet Job Work neatly eiecuted. 



R.EI>/CE!]VCBBE, 



^NO. 4 APPLETON BLOCK,. 

CENTRAL STREET, LO^VELL. 



Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Company, of Hartford. 

Jas. Goodwin, President. Gut R. Phklps, Secretary. 

iisrcoi?.i=»oi?.A.TEr> iisr i846. 

During the 10 years of its existence, this Company has issued over 20.000 
Policies, and accumulated a capital of over $2,000,000, and pays a dividend of 
50 per cent, annually, to policy holde~i-s._ The Dividends are declared on the 
31st of January, of each year. California risks taken on reasonable terms. 

Agent for Lowell and vicinity. 

t^OFFiCE AT E. B; Patch's Auction Room, where any information 
and all necessary papers may be obtained. 



D. W^ B A. H TH, 



mmWll HMR DRESSffl 



p 

Ij 



mM 



Middle Street, Opposite the Post Office, 

^ LOWELL- MASS. 

b ~i^ Champooing and Hair Dyeing done in the best style. Particular attention 

^^_^ paid to Children's Hair Cutting. 





f Ccr, 



HISTORY OF LOWEIiL 



S 




gers of the mills. So bitter was their hostility to these schools, 
that DO gentleman connected with the mills could, for a long time, 
be persuaded to visit one of them. But, in February, 1833, — 
when Hon. Henry Clay, Governor Lincoln, and other distinguished 
gentlemen, came to Lowell, and expressed a wish to visit these 
schools, and be introduced to the scholars, — these corporation 
gentlemen concluded to change their tactics, and accompany their 
distinguished guests into those nurseries of the young, of which 
they were now compelled to feel proud. Opinionated men may 
call them useless, and sectarian bigots may denounce them as 
Godless and Infidel ; but the good sense of the masses will sus- 
tain these schools, and those who seek to destroy them, will them- 
selves be destroyed. 

There are six banks in Lowell, with an aggregate capital of 
one million four hundred thousand dollars. These are the Kail- 
road, the Lowell, the Appleton, the Prescott, the Wamesit, and 
the Merchants'. The amount of banking capital is certainly none 
too great ; but it is the general belief that there are too many 
banks to divide the business. Experience has demonstrated that 
the increase of banks has diminished the " discount facilities'' of 
the business men of the place, — each bank having a special " set 
of friends" upon whom to lavish its favors ; — while it has aggra- 
vated all the evils of usury, speculation, " note-shaving," and 
what would be called cheating, if that were not too harsh a word 
to be applied to those whom we arc bound to consider, (as An- 
thony did the assassins of Ctcsar,) " all honorable men." 

Of public journals, Lowell has been prolific. Over forty papers, 
of various descriptions, have been started here at various times ; 
but through the successful competition of the Boston press, most 
of them have gone down to premature graves. The journal prob- 
ably most extensively known in connection with this city, was 
the Lowell Offering, a monthly periodical, published from 1840 
to 1845, and devoted mainly to the literary effusions of the young 
ladies employed in the mills. The principal mover in this novel 
enterprize was Miss Harriet Farley, an operative herself, and 
daughter of a clergyman of Amesbury. Many of these Offering 
essays evinced very correct taste, and highly respectable talent. 



^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 157 Cf^ 



I CALVERT'S IMPEOVED PATENT 




AND 



Cleaning Machine. 




To Cotton Manufacturers. 

Gentlemen : 

The undersigned would respectfully call your attention to our Improved 
Calvert Willow. We deem it unnecessary to eulogize the many merits 
it possesses over all other kinds of Cotton Openers now before the public, but 
choose to let the Machine stand upon its own merits. Our Improved Ma- 
chines may be seen at the Merrimack and Appleton Manufacturing Com- 
panies, Lowell ; at C, W. Sayles, Esquire's Mill, North Wrentham, Mass. ; 
and at W. Lenoris & Brothers, Lenoris, Tennessee. 

We challenge the manufacturing public to produce a Machine equal to ours 
for Opening and Cleansing Cotton from leaf, dirt, and seeds, or other foreign 
substance. 

The Original Calvert Willows have been long and favorably known to most 
of the Cotton Manufacturers of this country, and may be found in most of 
the large Manufacturing Establishments. 

Persons in want of Cotton Cleansing Machines are respectfully solicited 
to examine our Improved Machine before purchasing elsewhere. 

MANUFACTURED BY 

CALVERT & SARGENT, 



GRANITEVILLE, MASS. 



i 



14 





^O^^^^' 



rd. 

158 HISTORY OP LOWELL: CT 

; ; ^ %; 

Some of them havc^ since been published in a volume, entitled c 
" Mind Among the Spindles." ^ 

There are published in Lowell, at the present time, three 
daily and five weekly newspapers, with an aggregate circulation 
of some ten thousand. The dailies are the Journal and Courier, 
(Republican,) the Advertiser, (Democratic,) and the Citizen 
and ISfeios, (Native American.) The weeklies are the Journal 
and Courier, (Republican,) the Patriot and Bepuhlican, (Dem- 
ocratic,) Vox Populi, (Independent,) the Christian Era, (Cal- 
vinistic Baptist,) and the American Citizen, (Native American.) 
Ayers' American Almanac is also published here, having a cir- 
culation of nearly three million copies per annum. 

The Lowell Fire Department contains about four hundred and 
fifty men, divided into twelve companies, with ten engines, under 
the direction of a Board of Engineers, chosen by the City Coun- 
cil. Connected with this department are sixty-seven hydrants, 
supplied with water, from the Reservoir on Lynde's Hill, by fif- 
teen thousand feet of water-pipe. The firemen are an orderly 
and meritorious body of men. Their history is distinguished by 
many feats of daring and self-sacrificing heroism, and is unsullied 
by a single stain. None of those riotous demonstrations, by 
which their brethren in other cities have sometimes incurred dis- 
grace, have ever been witnessed here. 

The Military Department consists of four companies, with 
forty men each, of Volunteer Militia. These are the Mechanic 
Phalanx, the City Guards, the Watson Light Guard, and the 
Lawrence Cadets. They have long deservedly sustained a high 
reputation for discipline and all the military virtues. Happily 
for the city, none of these companies have ever had occasion to 
display their prowess in anything more serious than a sham-fight. 

The present population of Lowell numbers about thirty-eight 
thousand persons, divided into six thousand three hundred fami- 
lies ; and the females out-number the males by more than 
seven thousand. Two-thirds of our inhabitants are of Ameri- 
can birth ; but every quarter of the globe has its represen- 
tatives here. Massachusetts furnishes more than one-half of the 
native born, and Ireland more than two-thirds of the foreign born. 








HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 159 



TO COTTON MANUFACTURERS. 




^^^^^'^''ssBsmsm^^^^^ 




We beg leave to call your attention to a new Metallic Toothed Cylin- 
der, to be used with Cotton Cards, as a Licker-in, in connection with the 
shell, feed-rolls, and screen shown in the drawing annexed, A few of the 
advantages over the old Licker-in consists in its durability, its great perfec- 
tion in cleansing cotton from the dirt and leaf, its distributing the cotton 
more evenly over the Main Cylinder, its making only one-half the amount 
of flyings, and in its requiring neither stripping, grinding, or any other at- 
tention. These Cylinders have been in use in some of the Lowell Mills du- 
ring the past eight years, and are found to improva in sharpness and condi- 
tion from the time of being put into use. This Licker-in can be applied to 
any Cotton Card without alterations, it being put in the same bearings as 
those in use. 

Those Manufacturers having Licker in Cylinders made of iron, can have 
them clothed with Metallic clothing, and save the expense of new Cylinders ; 
and so far as they have been in use, it is thought they will last twenty years, 
if not injured by accident. 

We annex a few of the many flattering recommendations we have received 
from those using our Metallic Licker-in, and respectfully request those de- 
sirous of trying them, to examine them at work. 

CALVERT & SARGENT, Manufacturers, 

GRANITEVILLE, MASS. 

Lancaster Mills, Clinton, July 30, 1856. 
Messrs. Calvert & Sargent, 

Gents: — We have used "Calvert's Opener" for opening all our 
cotton, for eight years, with satisfaction. 

We have used your Metallic Licker-in, for Cotton Card Machines, about 
eight months, and are so well pleased with their work, and with the condition 
in which they keep without grinding and other repairing, that we are substi- 
tuting them for our card-clothed Lickers-in as fast as the latter need repair. 
Yours respectfully, FRANKLIN FORBES, Agent, 

((/'ontinued on page 161.) 




160 HISTORY OF LOWELL: 

Some fifteen thousand persons are employed in the mills. The 
rest of the population are engaged in miscellaneous pursuits ; and 
very few of " those idle vagabonds, called gentlemen," arc here 
to bo found. 

The sanitary condition of Lowell is remarkably good. When 
we consider how many are employed in the mills, where the phy- 
sical system is more or less over-worked, — where a one-sided de- 
velopment is induced by the endless repetition, without variation, 
of one simple mechanical process, or series of processes, — where 
unwholesome particles of vegetable or metallic dust are constantly 
inhaled into the lungs, — where the conditions of the atmosphere 
are generally unfavorable to robustness and vigor, — this fact may 
appear astonishing. But, perhaps, the unstationary character of 
our population will account for it. The emigration to other parts 
of the country, of those who have worked a few years in the mills, 
— and the constant immigration from agricultural districts, of 
new recruits to fill the places of the retiring operatives, — are the 
immediate causes of this high sanitary condition of our city. 
Emigration, then, which has ever been regarded as " thp safety- 
valve of nations," becomes with us the safety-valve of health. 

TLe managers of the corporations have done much for the 
health and well-being of their employes, — by providing comforta- 
ble boarding houses, — by a judicious system of boarding-house 
management, — by establishing a general hospital, — by careful 
attention to ventilation, — and b)'' all means tliat science or inge- 
nuity could suggest. But the condition of the operative is unen- 
viable at best. Tbe statistics of deaths in Massachusetts for 1854, 
show that while seven thousand seven hundred and thirty-five 
farmers died, whose average age was over sixty-four years, — there 
died during the same year seven thousand seven hundred and 
eighty-one mechanics, whose average age was only forty-six years, 
— showing a difFerence of eighteen years against the mechanic. 
So that, while a farmer at twenty may expect to live forty-four 
years, — an operative at twenty may only expect to live twenty- lu) 
six years. (K^ 

The average work-hours are eleven hours a day. The average ^^ 
wages are eighty cents a day for males, and two dollars a week ^_^ 





Belt Combine Machine. 




The a ove cut represents a Worsted Combing Machine, known as the New 
England Comber. This is one of the first Machines in use in this country, 
for Combing Wools for Carpet Warps. It is considered one of the best in use, 
and has been found a superior machine for native wools. It yields from sixty 
to eighty per cent, of tops. This Machiue is in very general use, and may 
be seen in most of the large Worsted establishments, and at our shop, in 
Graniteville ; and also a complete set of Worsted Machinery can be seen in 
operation. We manufacture Calvert & Sargent's Ring and Table Combing 
Machines, and VVolsted and Woolen Machinery generally. 

CALVERT ^ SARGENT, 

GRANITEVILLE, (Near Lowell,— on the Stony Brook Railroad,) MASS, 

(( Continued from page 159.J 

The Lowell Manufacturing Company have had Messrs. Calvert & Sargent's 
Metallic Lickers-in in use for about five years past, and the working of the 
same has been entirely satisfactory. 

SAM'L FAY, Supt. 

Lowell, April 9, 1855. 

The Suffolk Manufacturing Company have used the above described Lick- 
ers-in, and find them much preferable to those covered with card clothing. 



April 14, 1855. 




iin 




JOHN WRIGHT, Sup't. 




^^TL 



HISTORY OP LOWELL; 




for females, clear of board. Many operatives, by rigid economy 
and self-denial, contrive not only to support themselves, but also 
to save some portion of these meagre earnings. Two-thirds of the 
deposits in the savings banks are made by operatives. Hundreds 
of hale, buxom New England girls, — leaving their rural homes 
and entering the mills, — have here earned means to help parents 
in pecuniary distress, — to educate sisters, brothers or themselves, 
— or to endow the homes of their future husbands. To be an 
operative may render one of either sex unpresentable in fashiona- 
ble society ; — but it has ever been deemed an honorable means of 
raising a dower. The moral police of the mills is such that no 
doubt is ever raised as to the charcter of any woman, on account 
of her having been an operative. Examples of long-suffering 
toil, of heroic grappling with unpropitious fortune, of humble, 
affectionate and sublime self-sacrifice, — unseen of men, but writ- 
ten forever in the Book of Life, — have occurred among this hum- 
ble class, — of which many volumes, as thrilling as any of Scott 
or Dickens, might be written. Those " pensioners on the dead," 
whose whole consequence is derived from their fathers, will hardly 
assume equality with many, now moving in the high places of the 
nation, who, beginning in the lowly rank of mill-operatives, have 
forced their own way upward, and conquered for themselves hon- 
orable positions in the world. 

The capital fact in our case is, — that we have no permanent 
operative population. Carlyle may reiterate, as often as he 
pleases, that mill-work is holy, and that " labor is worship ;" — 
but it is this fact, and this alone, that has saved us from those 
evils of vice and ignorance, demoralization and misery, which 
have been engendered by manufactures in some cities of Europe. 
While most of our operatives are born and bred in virtuous rural 
homes, and, after working a few years in the mills, return to ag- 
ricultural pursuits, the interests of Lowell will rest secure ; for, 
as Jefferson remarks in his Notes on Virginia, " corruption of 
morals, in the mass of cultivators, is a phenomenon, of which no (jS 
age nor nation furnishes an example." But let the curse of a t^ 
permanent operative population fasten itself upon us, — and all the ^ 
"woes unnumbered" of the Iliad would be realized here. Lowell ^d 




HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 163 

To Woollen Manufacturers. 




The undersigned would respectfally call the attention of Woollen Manufac- 
turers to their 

g)^^ ® ^ ® 

BUMING CYLINDERS. 

These excellent machines are manufactured under Francis A. Calvert's Pa- 
tent, issued January 23, 1849, and under Charles G. Sargent's Patent, issued 
October 9, 1849, and, by license, under Milton D. Whipple's Patent, issued 
October 28, 1840, and extended for seven years from the expiration thereof. 
The advantages which these Cylinders possess over all of similar con- 
struction, are : 

First, — The price at which they are offered being at least 50 per cent, less 
than the original price of the Parkhurst Cylinder. 

Second,— The operation is perfectly satisfactory. They are not liable to 
clog lip or throw large quantities of toool into the refuse box or upon the floor, 
but they uniformly receive and deliver the wool to the card even, and free 
from burrs, dye-drugs, chips, or any other foreign deleterious substance. 

Third,— The mode of construction being such that the Cylinder can be di- 
vested of all its operating parts, and invested with entire new clothmg, ren- 
dering it equally perfect in its operation and durability as at first, at a cost of 
from ten to fifteen dollars, varying according to size. 

To manufacturers who are unacquainted with their operation, we would 
say that one attached to the First Breaker will add at least 33 per cent, to the 
durability of card clothing, especially on the coarser grades of wool. 

Letters Patent for this Cylinder have been secured in England, where the 
patentee at present resides, making and putting them in operation extensively. 




1G4 HISTORY OF LOWELL: 

would become a foul hlot upon the face of the country. Like the 
blood of Duncan on the fair hands of Lady Macbeth, all the waters 
of the ocean could not wash it out, nor " all the perfumes of 
Arabia" sweeten it. In the very heart of all our civilization 
would be engendered what Macaulay would terra " a race of 
Huns fiercer than those who fought under Attila, and Vandals 
more bent on destruction than those who followed Genseric.'' 
Degraded to the level of the Indian Pariahs, their independence 
would be that of serfs ; their lil^erty, that of prisoners ; their 
leisure, that of work-house paupers : their education, that of 
plantation negroes ; their health, that of invalids ; their chastity, 
that of harem women ; and their wages, like the wages of sin, 
would be Death. 

But this is not to be. Though in a certain sense, as Whittier 
says, "man and mechanism are reduced to a common level, and 
answer to the same bell-call;" yet a majority of our operatives, 
are not born such, and do not die such. They well understand 
that, as Say observes, " to have never done anything but make 
the eighteenth part of a pin, is a sorry account for any human 
being to give of his existence." Elevated far above the manufac- 
turing population of any country on the globe, — they are well 
described by Mr. Case, as " a reading, thinking, honest, econom- 
ical and independent class." 

In a mere manufacturing community, we should, of course, look 
in vain for any literary " happy -family" coteries, — 'Such as Em- 
erson has gathered .around him at Concord, — sitting at the feet 
of the American Plato, as Saul sat at the feet of Gramaliel, — 
now visiting the Diogenes-hut of Thoreau,— 'and now drinking 
a transcendental cup of tea in Hawthorne's " House with Seven 
Gables." It would be equally vain to inquire for fashionable 
society here, — such as crowded the parlors of the late Abbott 
Lawrence in Boston. It is the boast of Lowell, that it has no 
aristocracy, either of wealth or talent, or of rank or position. 
It is simply a city of mechanics, who have made the world ring (JS 
with their achievements in mechanism; — nothing more. ^^J 

1 — '"^-^'^'■'-^'■''-■^'^'^■^^''''^^-'-^(^j^^^^^^J^ 




f^-'l^ HAND-BOOK OF ITS BUSINESS. 165 

^ THE ABBOT 

orsted Company, 

Having located themselves 

IF GHAFITEVILLE, MASS., 

Are prepared to Manufacture 









CROCIETUAW,' 

Fine Worsted Yarn 



GENERALLY. 



^L Manufactory and Post-office Address, 










UISTORY OF LOWELL 



INDEX TO HISTORY. 



Page. 

Preface, . - - - . 3 
The Merrimac River Valley, - 5 
Topography and Natural Scenery, 8 
Indian Antiquities, - - - 10 
Lowell under an Indian King, - 14 
Lowell as an Indian Reservation, 18 
Indian Institutions, - - - 20 
Gookin's Account, - - - 24 
An Idolatress Judged, - - 28 
Annexation to Chelmsford, - 30 
The Last Indian, - - . 34 
Revolutionary Associations, - _ 34 
East Chelmsford, . - - 38 
Pawtueket and Middlesex Canals, 40 
Events between 1800 and 1820, - 44 
Patrick T. Jackson and Francis C. 

Lowell, ----- 54 
The First Company at VValtham, 62 
The First Company in Lowell, - 66 
Kirk Boott and his Compeers, - 72 
Events of 1825, - . . 76 

Lowell as a Town, - - - 80 
The B^ton and Lowell Railroad, 90 
Events between 1830 and 1836, 92 



Gen. Jackson's Visit, 
Lowell as a City, . . . 
The First Mayor, - 
Events between 1836 and 1840, - 
Death of Mr. Jackson, 
Hon. Luther Lawrence, - 
Hon. Abbott Lawrence, - 
The Museum, - . . - 
The Mayors of Lowell, 
The Cemetery, - - - - 
Death of Harrison, - 
President Tyler's Visit, 
Anecdote of Webster,* - 
Events between 1844 and 1846, 
Judge Locke. - - - - 
Events of 1846 and 1847, - 
President Polk's Visit, 
Gen. Cass as a Lecturer, - 
Events between 1848 and 18-52, - 
Kossuth's Visit, - - . 
The New Depot, and the Jail, - 
Manufactures in 1856, 
Churches, Schools, Banks, Jour 
nals, etc., - - - - 



Page. 

- 96 

- 96 
93 

102 
106 
110 
112 



116 
120 
122 
122 
124 
126 
130 
132 
134 
138 
13S 
140 
142 
144 
146 

150 



•In some copie« of this work, by an error of the types, this anecdote ii date 1 in 1819, instead of 1843, 



INDEX TO HAND-BOOK. 



Apothecaries 



Edward Bush, 
J. R. Hayes, - 
Carleton & Hovey, - 
Samuel Kidder, Jr., 
Frederick Barron, - 
J. T. Billings, 
M. E. Thompson, - 
E. A.Staniels, 



Page. 
9 

- 27 
43 

- 57 

- 71 

- 73, 75 

- 119 

- 143 



^JrCltl 



Attorneys and Counsellors 

Brown & Alger, - - - 
L. J. Fletcher, 

Charles Cowley, . . - 

Architect 

J. H. Rand, - - - - 

Barbers 

Joseph Jenkinson, - - - 

Edward Jenkinson, - - - 

D. VV. Barth, - - - . 

Boot and Shoe Dealers 
Otis L. Allen, - - - . 
Samuel Stone - - - - 

Bill Poster 

James A. Metcalf, - - . 

Book Sellers 
B. C. Sargeant, 
Joshua Merrill, 



153 
153 
153 

95 

• 105 

• 109 
. 155 

■ 97 
. 105 

113 

23, 153 
61 



Crockery Dealers 

Page. 

H. S. Haynes, - - - SO 

Wm. Dearden, - - - 97 

Cigar Dealer 

L D.Wood, - - - - 105 

Cofiia Makers 

S. M. Proctor, - - - 87 

A. P. Lcsure, - - - 105 

Commissioa Merchants 
A. L. Waite c<: Co., - - 70 

Samuel N. Wood, - - - 139 

Coafectioners 
A. B. French, - - - 65 

A. W. Leonard, - - - 95 

Chemicals, Dye Stuffs, A/C 
C. P. Talbot, - - - - 137 

Deputy Sheriffs 
P.V.Thomas, '' - - - 153 
E. L. Shed, (Coroner), - - 153 

Dry Goods Dealer 
Hilton & Fcabody - - - 25 

Designer and Engraver 
G. B. MerTill, - - ^- ■ 81 

Dentists 
Ambrose Lawrence, 
Samuel Lawrence, 
S. L. & W. G. Ward, - 



-J^-^ 





Insures against Hazards by Fire, on Real and Personal 
Property. 

CAPITAL AND SURPLUS $130,000. 

Office,-No. 17 Appleton Block, Central ^ired, 



fc DIRECTORS 



LOWELL : 

Nathan Allen, 
John A. Knowles, 
Oliver M. Whipple, 
Sidney Spalding, 
Samuel Burbank, 
Joshua Merrill, 
Stephen Gushing, 
Caleb M. Marvel, 
Joshua W. Daniels, 



Abner W. Buttrick, 
Moses G. Howe. 
Ephraim Brovcn. 

TE WKSBUKY : 

Elijah M. Reed. 

BOSTON : 

Benj. B. Mussey, 

Alonzo A. Miner, 

Benj. E. Bates. 

SALEM: S. C. Phillips. 



J. W, DANIELS, Sec'y and Treas. NATHAN ALLEN, Pres't 



FXTBLISHER'S ISTOTE. 

The publisher of this work felicitates himself on the success of all his plans 
in relation hereto. His most sanguine anticipations have been more than 
realized. In the department of advertising, he has been agreeably disap- 
pointed. When he fixed the whole number of his pages at one hundred 
and fifty, he felt that he had extended his limits to the highest point availa- 
ble. Many practical printers cautioned him that he was extending his plans 
too far, and that the enterprise would inevitably fail. But the result has 
proved that he might have multiplied the number of his pages indefinitely. — 
He might have procured two or three times the amount of advertising pa- 
tronage which he has procured, without any extraordinary exertion. 

For these reasons, the publisher has extended his limits eighteen pages 
beyond the highest number upon which he originally fixed. He would have 
extended them still further, to accommodate those who had engaged space in 
this work, but failed to send their advertisements to the ofiice in season, 
could he have done so without undoing much that had already been comple- 
ted, and delaying the day of publication later than he wished. 

For the very liberal patronage extended to this enterprise, by the adver- 
tising community, he would express his sincere thanks ; and at the same 
time, he congratulates his numerous patrons in Lowell on having now re- 
moved the stigma heretofore attached to them — ^that they would not en- 
courage a local medium for advertising. E. D. GREEN. 

Lowell, August 15, 1856. 

I — ^ 

A COPT-RIGHT OF THIS WOEK HAS BEEN SECURED ACCORDING TO LAW. 





Daguerreotype Artist 

M. Biiiley, - - - - 113 

Fish and Fruit 

E. D. Sarsont, - - - 113 

Guns, Pistols, A/C 

Joseph Harding, - - - 101 

Abijah Cutter, - - - 147 

Hair Oils 

J. Russell Spauldiiig, - - 53 

Hats, Caps, &c 

Wm. P. Brazer, - - - 29 

Hotel 

Lowell Island House, - - 37 

Insurance Companies 

Traders' & Mei;hanics', - - 23 

Howard, 167 

Insurance Agents 

Jeremiah S. Folsom, - - 75 

A. James Richmond, - - 145 

A. C. Chadwick. - - - 155 

Jeweller 

Amos Sanborn, - - - 49 



Lumber, Coal, &/C 
Wm. E. Livingston, 

Merchant Tailors, &/C 
Daniel Farrington, - 
S. T. Lancaster, 
J. Frank Croxford, - 
Joseph P. Thompson, 
Oilman ct "Worcester, 
A. A. Putnam, 
H. H. Barnes, 

Machinists 
Calvert & Sargent, 157, 159, 161, 163 

Picture Frames 
Shorey & Lyman, - - - 155 

Provision Dealer 

Moses Kelley, . - - 

Patent Medicine Proprietors 
E. D. Hayes, - - - - 



91 



H. Kelsey, 
J. A. Masta, 
Perry Davis, ■ 
J. W. Poland, ■ 
Dr. Clough, 
Geo. Moiloy, ■ 



15 
39 
65 
63 
69 
115 
121 



James C. Ayer, 


127 


,129 


A. H. Field, - 




149 


E. R. Clarke, - 


. 


151 


Printing 






Courier, - - - - 


■ 


17 


Vox Populi, ... 


. 


31 


Citizen and News, - 


, 


45 


B. H. Penhallow, . 


. 


59 


Advertiser, - . - 


. 


93 


Piano Fortes 






Geo. Hedrick, - 


- 


65 


Painter 






Abner Kittridge, - 


. 


107 


Pattern Maker 






J. E. Crane, . . - 


- 


11 


_ _ ^ Patent Agents 






R.H.Eddy, - - - 


. 


35 


Samuel Cooper, 


- 


77 


Physicians 






A. W. Pollard, 


. 


13 


Dr. Harmon, 


. 


117 


Quadrille Band 






Brooks & Elliott, - 


. 


145 


Stove Dealers 






Bangs Brothers, 


. 


19 


Wilder & Dana, - 


. 


33 


Page & Beck, - 


. 


111 


Cushing & Mack, - 


>. 


135 


Sewing Machines 

I. M. Singer & Co., 






. 


21 



Suspenders and Shoulder Braces 
Geo. W. Walker, - . . ■ 

Steam and Gas Pipes 
Horace R. Barker, . 

Telegraph Agent 
C. K. Lewis, - 



47 



99 



Veterinary Surgeon 
Dr. Robert Wood, - 

Wire Work 
H. A. Hildreth. 

Wines and Liquors 
Prius. Arandes & Co , 

Worsted Manufactory 
The Abbot Worsted Company, 



119 



141 

109 



103 



165 



*^* The Author lays down his pen with a profound consciousness that the 
subject, of which he has now sketched the outline, is very far from being 
exhausted. A great mass of materials are still at his command, — which he 
has found it impossible to condense into the present work These materials 
would fill a volume of four or five hundred duodecimo pages ; and it is among 
the possibilities of the future, that he may yet prepare them for publication, 
with a large number of illustrative cuts and engravings . This, however, 
must be determined by events beyond his present control. 





3ISrTI3SrXJElD FROIvI SECOlSriD I'A.OE OF COVBK,.! 

JPIS ™mTR. LANDS. 

NOTICE TO PURCHASERS. 



lands offered for sale by the Illinois Central Rail Road Comjianj, 
anted by the United States to the State of Illinois, by the Act of 20th September, 
AJl the conditions stipulated in that Act have been fulfilled, and the title to these 
in no longer be affected by legislation. 

the Act of 10th February, 1851, the State of Illinois incorporated 
npany, and directed the Governor to convey to said Company, by a Deed in fee 
all of said land, &c., which was done. 

said Act further required said Company to execute a Deed of Trust, 
'said lands, &c., to certain persons named therein by the State, to secure the per- 
36 of the conditions and stipulations required thereby. The Bonds issued iiiider 
st are being paid as fast as the money is received from the sale of the lands set apart 
; purpose. All Bonds received for lands, or purchased with the proceeds of such 
ire officially cancelled by the Trustees. 

ere payment is made in full, the purchaser at once obtains his title 
e Trustees appointed by the State. If the sale is on credit, however, the title is not 
11 final payment is made, but the purchaser receives a Contract, stipulating that 
le will be given on full payment and compliance with the conditions specified 
Each payment for lands sold on credit can be made in Construction Bonds or 
md if in the latter, it is applied to the purchase of such Bonds ; and the particular 
at once exempted from liability, and a perfect title given by the Trustees — being, in 
; first conveyance under the authority of the General Government. 

sales are made under the direction of the Trustees, and are authorized 
.ct of the State Legislature. The lands thus sold are exempted from taxation by 
' of the State till finally paid for. 

Trustees execute Deeds for all lands sold ; and the conveyance by said 

s, in the terms of the law, is " an absolute title in fee simple," ond operates "as 
e or an acquittance of the particular tract or tracts so sold from all liability or in- 
nce on account of said Deed of Trust, and the issue of said Bonds — so as to vest 
urchasers a complete and indefensible title." 

:s it is seen, that the Act of Congress making the grant, secures the 
purchasers, whatever may be the action of the State ; and the law of the State lu- 
ting this Company, while amply securing the Bond holders, is alike careful to pro- 
rchasers of the lands, and to secure to them perfect and complete titles in any and 
mtingency. 

relieved that the price, long credit, and low rate of interest, charged for these lands, 
,ble a man with a few hundred dollars in cash and ordinary industry, to make him- 
ependent before all the purchase money becomes due. In the meantime, the rapid 
ent of the country will probably have increased their value four or five fold. When 
i, an experienced person will accompany applicants to give information and aid in 
g lands. 

lars, containing numerous instances of successful farming, signed by respectable 
I known farmers living in the neighborhood of the Railroad lands, throughout the 
•also, the fencing, price of cattle, expense of harvesting, etc., by contract, or any 
[formation, will be cheerfully given on application, either personally or by letter, in 
I, French, or German, addressed to 

JOHN WILSON, 
id Commissioner of tiie Illinois Central Rail Road Laudi^i, 

Office in Illinois Central Rail Road Depot, Chicago, Illinois. 



JAMES E. BUTTS, JR:,& CO. 



SUCCESSORS TO THE 




yoiucll Mire Jftncc Cuiiipnji, 



M \yrFACTrnEt^s of the 



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-AND- 



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WOA^P^N i3Y MACHINERY AT LOWELL, 

THE CHEAPEST AND BEST ARTICLE IN THE WORLD FOR ENCLOSING 

FARMUARDENUEMETERIES, RAILROADS, 



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